Abstract
The intake of microbial-contaminated food poses severe health issues due to the outbreaks of stern food-borne diseases. Therefore, there is a need for precise detection and identification of pathogenic microbes and toxins in food to prevent these concerns. Thus, understanding the concept of biosensing has enabled researchers to develop nanobiosensors with different nanomaterials and composites to improve the sensitivity as well as the specificity of pathogen detection. The application of nanomaterials has enabled researchers to use advanced technologies in biosensors for the transfer of signals to enhance their efficiency and sensitivity. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic and gold, dendrimers, graphene nanomaterials and quantum dots are predominantly used for developing biosensors with improved specificity and sensitivity of detection due to their exclusive chemical, magnetic, mechanical, optical and physical properties. All nanoparticles and new composites used in biosensors need to be classified and categorized for their enhanced performance, quick detection, and unobtrusive and effective use in foodborne analysis. Hence, this review intends to summarize the different sensing methods used in foodborne pathogen detection, their design, working principle and advances in sensing systems.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is the science to understand the matter at a nanoscale dimension, generally ranging between 1 and 100 nm
The first section of this review describes the various properties of the nanomaterials used for sensing applications, and the safety issues and guidelines issued by various organizations for use at workplace or in laboratories
The application of sensors in food processing industries has changed the current trend as these can identify the various contaminants formed within the food chain with high sensitivity
Summary
Nanotechnology is the science to understand the matter at a nanoscale dimension, generally ranging between 1 and 100 nm This technology involves the fabrication, manipulation, study of technique, material, modes and use of nano-devices in various applications. The development of many signal transduction technologies using nanomaterials in biosensor is transforming the field of biological and chemical analysis to empower in vivo studies. A high advantage of establishing a small automated system was worked out for the use in field with rapid and cost-effective microbial detection, and sensitive stick tests were developed by using gold nanoparticles with high specificities for the same [9,10,11]. This review highlights the effectiveness of nanomaterials for developing biosensors, especially for detecting the microbial pathogens present in contaminated food. The other section discusses the utilization of nanomaterials and present status of sensors used for the detection of foodborne pathogens in various food matrixes
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