Abstract
The five-membered ring products and intermediates of cyclometalation reactions are very easily synthesized via donation from a hetero atom to a metal atom, which leads to the very high functionality of the product. This functionality is caused by the donation of the hetero atom and various types of metal atoms, halogen atom and other ligands such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, Cp, Cp*, aryl groups and heterocyclic compounds. These products have three types of catalytic applications: cyclometalation five-membered ring products as catalysts, cyclometalation five-membered ring intermediates as catalyst agents and cyclometalation five-membered ring intermediates with unconventional substrates and as catalyst actions. Because of the high functionality of these products, the applications of them have been increasing not only as the metathesis in the first and second generations of Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts but also as in chiral reactions, cross-coupling reactions and polymerization reactions. The above cyclometalation products have been utilized for the production in many industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals, OLEDs, carbon dioxide utilizations, dye-sensitizer solar cells and sensors. We expect that these products would be used for the development of further new industrial products.
Highlights
When cyclometalation reactions are performed using metal compounds with substrates that contain heteroatomsHow to cite this paper: Omae, I. (2016) Applications of Cyclometalation Five-Membered Ring Products and Intermediates as Catalytic Agents
Various articles and many reports [89]-[94] have been published on cross-coupling reactions using the fivemembered ring compounds of cyclometalation reactions as catalysts: Palladium compounds are mainly used as catalysts, but Ni, Ir, Ru and Pt compounds are used
Recent Applications of Cyclometalation Five-Membered Ring Products as Catalysts Recently, the main metal compounds of the five-membered ring products of cyclometalation reactions, which are used as catalysts in the chiral reactions, are Pd compounds, and the other metal compounds are Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru and Fe compounds [122]-[130]
Summary
Many five-membered ring products of cyclometalation reactions have been synthesized because the reactions proceed very with many types of metal compounds, substrates and ancillary ligands. This article describes three types of catalytic agents from the five-membered ring products of cyclometalation reactions. 1) Use of the five-membered ring products of cyclometalation reactions as catalysts because of their catalytic activity and high stability. 2) Use of the catalytic agents of the reactive five-membered ring intermediates of cyclometalation reactions as catalytic agents. 3) Use of the catalytic action of the reactive five-membered ring intermediates in cyclometalation reactions. These substrates are unconventional base substrates and auxiliary substrates [47]
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