Application of the spatial model of road trace development in the swamp area of Banyuasin District

South Sumatra Province has a peat area of 1.4 million Ha. The distribution of peat soil in Ogan Ilir is 23,687.91 Ha. Peat soil has a low bearing capacity. This research aims to explain the effect of stabilization on peat soil characteristics. Peat soil samples were taken using the Block Sampling method. The research locations are Parit Village and Lorok Village, Ogan Ilir Regency. Peat soil needs better properties and is unsuitable for foundation soil for civil construction. To overcome this, one method of soil improvement is required, namely the chemical stabilization method: changing the chemical properties of the soil by adding a mixture. The mixture used is palm shell ash waste with variations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. Soil properties (physical and chemical), SEM, EDS, PTS, and CBR tests were carried out to determine the effect of this mixture. Soil properties test results: water content () in Parit Village 226.39%, and Lorok Village 252.39%. The fiber content (FC) test results for Parit Village were 25.18% and for Lorok Village 28.01%. Peat soil is classified as fibrous peat soil. The CBR value for Parit Village was 4.60%, and Lorok Village was 4.16%. The results of the immersion CBR test showed that Parit Village had a curing period of 7 days, a variation of 5%, namely 4.68%. Look Village obtained the most outstanding results: a curing period of 14 days, a variation of 25%, and 4.76%. The CBR value obtained in this study is 3%-5% (average) when used for subgrade strength with compaction conditions depending on the road category.

Roads was built on swamp areas should be consider the condition of the base soil, since the characteristics of the soil in swamp areas have always inundated and have a low soil carrying capacity (Subagyo, 2006). One of effort that could be done to improve the existing soil condition was used fly ash as a material for soil stabilization (Indera et al, 2016; Mina et al, 2016). This study was conducted to analyze the enhancement of CBR value on various soil types in swamp area by the addition of fly ash. Testing on the values of index properties, compaction, and CBR values was done in laboratory base on ASTM and AASHTO standars. The test results show that the type of soil at the location of the sampling is silty or clay gravel and sand, clay soil, and silty soil. The reduction of optimum water content after the addition of fly ash is the highest decrease of 20.92%. While the highest increase of dry content weight after the addition of fly ash was 0.904 gr / cm3. An enhancement in the value of CBR by the addition of 20% fly ash in the study area, however the increase magnitude depends on the existing soil types, ie 7.99% in the silty or clay gravel and sand, 6 - 8% in the clay soil and 0,22 - 5% on silty soil. This indicates that the addition of fly ash was the optimum used on the type of clay soil.

The present use is often the criterion by which the monetary value of land is assessed. But present use is not the only index of the value of land and it is not always the best. In the West Indies as elsewhere, anomalies between land potential and existing use arise for a variety of reasons: for example, bad management and prac? tice resulting in soil erosion, wilful under-development by some land owners, and also under-development through lack of capital or labour, or lack of marketing facilities for produce. Academic assessments of basic land values mostly concentrate on maximum potentiality or capability and, either in spite of, or more likely because of it being an under? developed area, the West Indies are being slowly but surely covered by thorough soil and land classification surveys. In the British West Indies the work is coordinated and carried out by the Regional Research Centre at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, several of whose monographs have already been published. In Jamaica, not only are thorough soil surveys well advanced and good quality soil maps being produced, but, since 1954, following the work of J. G. Steele (1954), the results ofthe soil survey have been used to classify categories of land according to their capability for use, based on soil group, slope class and climate. Seven major classes are dis? tinguished, three of them suitable, one marginal and three unsuitable for cultivation by tillage. Subdivisions are made on a basis of slope, danger of erosion, poor drainage, shallowness of soil or rainfall deficiency. Applying these to twenty-four soil groups, some sixty land capability units have been distinguished (Steele et al., 1954). In greater detail, for each of some 300 soil/slope types, a Technical Guide Sheet has been pre? pared by the Agricultural Chemistry Division, describing the soil, slopes and suitability of land for cultivation, together with recommendations for cultivation, crops and fertilizers. These are enumerated simply to show that the basic agricultural value of the land should, therefore, be well understood in qualitative terms. But seen from a completely different viewpoint, it may be conceded that in the simplest financial terms the value of land is no more nor less than the price commanded and recently paid for it. These are two extremes of approach?one, academic and physical (with whatever practical applications), and the other matter of fact and financial. Obviously the two are not entirely disconnected, for if they were, systematic land valuation would have no justification. Yet rarely are the two considered together by geographers. Land use surveys frequently take note in general terms of enhanced costs of land and higher values existing, for example, near and within large towns, or within easy access to means of transport and communications. But the difficulties of obtaining price data on a uniform and complete basis for whole areas, either urban or rural, in most cases preclude comprehensive studies. Interest therefore attaches to the land valuation system now being worked out in Jamaica, for it combines the two approaches and considers both aspects for the practical purpose of land taxation for property tax and rates. On the one hand and at the outset, analysis is made of all fairly recent sales of land and property in any area that is being assessed. From the sales price is first deducted the value of all improve? ments, and these normally include all buildings, and out-buildings, water supply, irrigation and drainage works, contour banks, growing trees and crops, property roads, etc, and in some cases allowance is made for the cost of cleared or partially cleared land. The remaining sum is allocated proportionally between each class of land found on the property. (Obviously the sales of properties of a single soil type are very important as yardsticks for the value of that particular type of land.) Classifica? tion is by land capability; the soil and slope category of each class is listed separately,

Examining Changes in the Value of Rural Land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003

This paper uses valuation data from Quotable Value New Zealand to examine changes in the value of the rural land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003. The value of rural land reflects the profitability of agriculture as well as the returns to alternative land uses, and has a large impact on the prosperity of rural areas. The paper highlights the importance of both changes in land use and changes in the value of land in different uses in explaining overall changes in land values. It also examines the relationship among productive characteristics of the land, the local climate, various local amenities, and changes in land values and land use to better understand what factors have been driving overall changes in the value of rural land across New Zealand. We find that the real value of rural land in all uses increased substantially over the years being examined. Land use in rural areas also changed considerably during this period, but these changes in land use were essentially uncorrelated with changes in land values. Our regression results indicate that rural land values increased the most in less populated areas with good climates and local amenities. Initial land use also plays an important role in explaining the variation in changes in rural land values with greater increases in land values found in areas with more land initially devoted to urban uses and commercial forestry, and less land initially devoted to horticulture and lifestyle uses.

This paper uses valuation data from Quotable Value New Zealand to examine changes in the value of the rural land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003. The value of rural land reflects the profitability of agriculture as well as the returns to alternative land uses, and has a large impact on the prosperity of rural areas. The paper highlights the importance of both changes in land use and changes in the value of land in different uses in explaining overall changes in land values. It also examines the relationship among productive characteristics of the land, the local climate, various local amenities, and changes in land values and land use to better understand what factors have been driving overall changes in the value of rural land across New Zealand. We find that the real value of rural land in all uses increased substantially over the years being examined. Land use in rural areas also changed considerably during this period, but these changes in land use were essentially uncorrelated with changes in land values. Our regression results indicate that rural land values increased the most in less populated areas with good climates and local amenities. Initial land use also plays an important role in explaining the variation in changes in rural land values with greater increases in land values found in areas with more land initially devoted to urban uses and commercial forestry, and less land initially devoted to horticulture and lifestyle uses.

Humid tropical forests cover over 3 million hectares of the Earth's land surface and they are regarded as one of the major biomes in the world. There is increasing awareness of the impacts of the loss of humid tropical forests on global biodiversity and climate. This paper focuses on a 120 by 120 km stretch of the swamp forest area on the eastern coast of central Sumatra, Indonesia. It aims to document and trace the history of resource use of the peat swamp and lowland forest areas, by analyzing and comparing the dynamics of the conversion of these areas into plantations or agricultural plots for the past 15 years. The fires involved in clearing the land for agriculture and plantations account for much of the damage to the forest environment. This has grave consequences since both types of forests, especially peat swamp forests, play an important ecological role in the stability of the global climate and maintaining biodiversity. Two land cover maps of the same area were obtained by classifying SPOT images from 1999 and Landsat TM image from 1989, using a 1986 vegetation map of Sumatra as a guide. The 1986 map was also digitized to obtain a baseline for comparison. By comparing images and maps from these years, an estimate of the extent of old and new land uses of peat swamps and lowland forests over the past years was obtained. The extent of the damage from the fire episodes of 1997 and 1998 in the area was also estimated. Most of the burnt areas occurred in the swamp forests. Land use change in the swamp area is increasing rapidly.

Semarang City as one of the areas on the north coast has a serious problem related to tidal flooding. The impact of this disaster has implications for changes in land use, a decrease in environmental quality and health, the emergence of slum settlements, a decrease in income and also a decrease in land value. This study aims to map the impact of tidal flooding on changes in land values based on the Land Value Zone Map (ZNT) and map land prices based on spatial data analysis. The study was carried out through spatial analysis by overlaying (join intersection) the 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019 ZNT maps to determine changes in land value, while mapping land prices, especially in Mangunharjo Village, was based on land use maps, positive accessibility (road network) and negative accessibility (prone flood rob). The results of the study show that land which is permanently affected by tidal flooding and cannot be used anymore makes it a lost / destroyed land, while periodically inundated land has experienced a price decline in the range of Rp 100.000 – 200.000, -/m2. Meanwhile, the results of the study from the ZNT map for 2014 to 2019 show a very significant difference in price between zone 1 and a price increase of ± Rp 3.500.000; zone 2 price increase ± Rp 575.000, -, zone 3 at a price range of Rp 385.000, and zone 4 as the tidal flood prone zone only experienced an increase of Rp 250.000,-. In this context, the variable of tidal flooding vulnerability greatly affects the stagnation of land prices and even decreases in land prices, while the positive accessibility variable is the location of land on national and local roads that has experienced a very high price increase.

Conversion of land encompasses not only changes inthe use of land for cultivation of food to non-food product but also includes the conversion of land in use to unused land. Changes in the management of water in the area of agro-ecosystem in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District has resulted in a change of use of paddy swampy land. Research was aimed :1) to analyze the differences in the income of farmers of rice due to the changes management water in the area of agro-ecosystems; and 2) to analyze the level of welfare of the rice farmers after adapting to the current environmental conditions. Research was carried out in the Belanti Village, Sirah Pulau Padang District, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Location was selected purposively as the village was exposed to routine annual flood since 2008. The farmers has experinced crop and harvest failure, despite the fact that it has served as rice granary since 1992. As survey method with structured questionaires was applied in this research. Sampling was conducted purposively against 42 rice farmers who experienced crop failure. The primary and secondary data were collected and then subjected to land rent value analysis and t-test analysis. Results showed that: 1) changes in water management have reduced household income of farmers by 50.06%; and 2) the level of welfare of rice farmers is still low even though they have made adaptation efforts. To improve the quality of living for farmers affected by flooding, there is a need for integrated cooperation between the government of the country, palm plantation companies, and farmers.

The history, origin and land status of independent oil palm plantations are interesting to discuss considering the many negative perspectives because they are considered to cause deforestation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the history of the origin of land ownership of smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in 2020 in four locations of smallholder oil palm plantations in South Sumatra Province. The methods used were interviews with plantation owners, literature search methods, interpretation of Landsat imagery, and overlay analysis of oil palm plantation area maps with TGHK (Agreed Forest Use) maps and South Sumatera provincial spatial plan maps (RTRWP). The results showed that land ownership is privately owned as evidenced by land ownership certificates. All plantation owners do not yet have STD-B (Surat Tanda Daftar Budidaya or Cultivation Registration Letter), so they cannot apply for ISPO certification. Land ownership is based on inheritance and purchase from previous oil palm plantation owners. The land use status of all plantations is APL (non-forestry use area) as evidenced by maps from the RTRWP and the 2016 Minister of Forestry Decree. The results of tracing the history of land use in four community oil palm plantations are community fields, and the results of Landsat image interpretation show that one year before planting was agricultural land.

Barito Kuala District experienced a land use change from swamp forests and rice fields to palm oil fields. This study aims to evaluate the land suitability for oil palm plantation in Marabahan sub-district, Barito Kuala District. Samples were obtained on each map of the land unit. The number of land units is 32 units of land. Land unit map is obtained from overlay landform, land use, land, and slope map. Data were analyzed by matching method. The land suitability class for oil palm plantations is somewhat suitable (S3) with a drainage and unconditionally constrained (N1) boundary with drainage barrier. The area with a suitable land suitability (S3) is 138.7 km 2 . The area of land suitability of unconditional land (N1) is 91.0 km 2 . Drainage becomes a barrier because the research area is a swamp area that is always inundated, especially for peat antiklinal basin land form.

Land use is a basic factor in determining road traces for residential, industrial or other space areas. The existence of spatial layout will affect the class of road, where the construction of new roads should not spoil the existing spatial layout. In swamp areas, land use is more dominated by agriculture, plantations, and forests such as the presence of swamp areas in Banyuasin District [1][2][13]. The development of swamp areas that are currently being upgraded requires road infrastructure, so it is necessary to undertake a study of the selection of road traces based on existing land use, then in order to gain priority of the land use based on the importance level on the selection of road traces opinion from stakeholders is required, so the selection of road traces in swamp areas can be more economical. Data collection was done through questionnaires distributed to respondents from stakeholders related to road and environmental fields, then analysis of the importance level was done using AHP method. From the analysis results the weights of the importance of land use for the selection road traces was obtained, which are namely shrub/bushes (29.99%), plantation (22.79%), rice field (19,74%), settlements (10.48%), forest (9.77%), water body (7.22%).

This study aims to establish a road development strategy in South Sumatra Province using a SWOT analysis approach. This research is located on the Road Network in South Sumatra Province, especially in Muara Enim Regency, while the time for this research is planned for 6 months, namely from July to December 2022. The population taken from this study are policymakers in the South Sumatra Province as the party in charge of developing the road network in Muara Enim Regency. In this study, the sampling technique used Non-probability Sampling with the Purposive Sampling method where the sampling technique has predetermined considerations for respondents with a total sample taken of 30 respondents. The results of the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) analysis place the road network development program in South Sumatra Province in quadrant 1. Position in quadrant 1 means that the program has opportunities and strengths. The strategy that must be taken in these conditions is to support an aggressive growth policy or growth-oriented strategy by taking advantage of existing opportunities and the organization’s internal strengths.

Problem setting. One of the main institutions of land rights, without a doubt, you should call the Institute of ownership. Domestic legislation is the implementation of land ownership as a set of powers considering the entity on the ownership, use and disposal of land. Out of these powers is particularly important use it. This is due primarily to the fact that the use of a removal of mineral properties directly from the land. That is, the implementation of the said powers may speak not only of ownership as a set of objective and subjective features, but also consider land as a specific resource. When talking specifically about the actual implementation of land use rights, the observance of public interest, which is to save the state of the area, the environment, ecosystems, etc., occupies an equal, if not a priority, a place in the system of interest with the private. Recent research and publications analysis. At different times, the problems of implementing the principles of land law to disclose how modern Ukrainian scientists and lawyers of other countries and times, including A. Getman, G. Bashmakov, I. Ikonytska, M. Krasnov, P. Kulinich, A. Miroshnichenko, N. Titova, S. Shemshuchenko, M. Shulha and many other scientists. Paper objective. Тhe separation criterion value principles of land law, public policy analysis in the field of purposeful and rational land use and development trends of the state's influence on social relations in order to create lawful behavior of land relations Paper main body. Тask of the state is the statutory principles of land law. In turn, the rights of owners and users of land considered to implement the removal of properties from the land so that in addition to satisfying their own interests, and there was also a strict observance of the laws of the land. However, not only the principles of statutory land law refers to national goals and qualitative monitoring their implementation. Again, given the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which establishes a special significance in the system of national land values may be argued that the quality of this control should be maximum, since it deals with the main national wealth. Unfortunately, the existing system is currently monitoring the use and protection of land, perfect. This is perhaps also due to a large number of land offenses related to incompliance legislation ensuring the proper, efficient and effective use of land in Ukraine. Difficulties in controlling owners and users of land sufficient focus on this inappropriate. The main thing is, what should be emphasized is the inability of the state to ensure the proper use of all land. Thus, the state appears as a goal not only to exercise control over land use and protection, but also to ensure the proper use of land. Provision is, first and foremost, a normative character. And in this case we talk about failure that purpose, that is, the lack of regulatory consolidation responsibilities of owners and users of land, is not correct. The list of responsibilities which make land targeted, efficient and effective, available and one that meets the needs of today. But this raises the question of execution of these duties. Conclusions of the research. Еnsure compliance with state legislation aimed at implementing the principles of land law in the use of land by the respective subject is essential. Specifying the composition of such principles, narrowing their list to the principles of trust, rational, efficient use of land, priority requirements of environmental safety, economic pluralism, it should be noted that it is these principles is not given any advantage in the system of land law, this prioritization is impossible. The following specification is caused primarily by the fact that in this study are considered from principles whose implementation occurs when the use of land. But to reduce the importance of practical implementation of the aforementioned principles and should not be, because it is designed to provide a wide range of interests. In addition, as has been proven, these interests are significant not only for the state but for the whole of its population.

Distribution and cultivation intensity of agricultural peat and gyttja soils in Sweden and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from cultivated peat soils