Abstract
Comprehensive experimental and analytical studies have been conducted over the past decades on cap beam-to-column concrete bridge joints, with an emphasis on joint force transfer mechanisms based on strut-and-tie concepts. This paper presents a methodology suitable for design and assessment of bridge joints subjected to in-place seismic actions, referred to as the force transfer method (FTM). The FTM evolved from experimental and analytical studies of exterior and interior joints in concrete multiple column bridge bents. In order to assist with the practical application of this approach, several guidelines, efficient joint mechanisms and design/assessment models are also presented.
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