Abstract
ABSTRACTReal monitoring data are required for the validation of models or methods used to estimate industrial emission inventories of air pollutants. As such, the current study investigated the industrial emissions of four major and three other hazardous air pollutants in four subareas of the Yeongnam area in Korea over five years (2005 through 2009), using direct stack monitoring concentrations, which were obtained from tel-monitoring systems. Yearly variations in the industrial emissions of the target pollutants depended upon the subareas and chemical types. For example, the total suspended particulate (TSP) emissions in Geongnam increased for two consecutive years (2007 and 2008) and then, decreased in 2009, whereas the industrial CO emissions in Ulsan sharply increased since 2007. For TSP, primary metal manufacturing (PMM) and Power, electricity and gas supplying companies (PEGSC) were two major industrial emission sources. PEGSC exhibited the highest source for both SO2 and NOx emissions, followed by PMM and petroleum and petrochemical companies in descending order. For CO emissions, PPM exhibited the highest source, followed by municipal waste treatment and intermediate waste treatment facilities in descending order. Both NH3 and HF were emitted primarily from two subareas (Ulsan and Geongbuk), which have fertilizer production companies. Both Geongnam and Geongbuk exhibited the highest and the second highest HCl emissions, presumably due to emissions during the acid treatment processes of various metals. Most of the industry categories, which are associated with fuel combustions or waste incineration, exhibited the highest and the second highest emission proportions for NOx and SO2, respectively. Maximum emissions were observed in the winter or summer season, while minimum emissions were observed in the spring or fall season, presumably due to increased energy utilizations for residential as well as industrial heating and cooling.
Highlights
Emission inventories on air pollutants provide fundamental information for understanding regional air pollution, for judging the efficiency of existing air pollution management programs, and for developing future air pollution control strategies
The total suspended particulate (TSP) emissions in Geongnam increased for two consecutive years (2007 and 2008) and decreased in 2009, whereas the industrial CO emissions in Ulsan sharply increased since 2007
There were 14 industry categories which were defined by the Korean Environmental management corporation (KEMC): chemical product manufacturing (CPM), food and beverage production (FBP), fertilizer production (FP), glass product manufacturing (GPM), heating and steam supplying companies (HSSC), intermediate waste treatment (IWT), mechanical products (MP), municipal waste treatment (MWT), non-metallic mineral manufacturing (NMMM), Power, electricity and gas supplying companies (PEGSC), primary metal manufacturing (PMM), petroleum and petrochemical companies (PPC), pulp and paper manufacturing (PPM), and wood and pulp manufacturing (WPM)
Summary
Emission inventories on air pollutants provide fundamental information for understanding regional air pollution, for judging the efficiency of existing air pollution management programs, and for developing future air pollution control strategies. Emission calculations using emission factors have mostly been utilized for estimating air pollutant emissions mainly because of lower costs or lack of stack monitoring data (Elbir and Muezzinoglu, 2004; Olcese and Toselli, 2004; Bhanarkar et al, 2005) This estimation method has a disadvantage of having a lower accuracy for the emission data. To overcome the disadvantage of the estimation method, continuous monitoring data can be employed since source-monitoring activities provide a better accuracy for air pollutant emission estimation (Elbir and Muezzinoglu, 2004).
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