Abstract
Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) is a kind of purification technology with low energy consumption and high removal efficiency, which is widely used in water treatment. However, the effect and mechanism of PFC on high calcium wastewater are rarely studied. In order to investigate the effect of PFC on the treatment of wastewater containing high concentration of Ca2+, a progressive freezing experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ice thickness, initial concentration, freezing temperature and initial pH on the removal rate of Ca2+, and the mechanism of PFC were analyzed. The results showed that (1) PFC had good removal effect on Ca2+ containing wastewater. Under the experimental conditions, the removal rate could reach more than 90%. By controlling a single variable, the removal effect was the best when the freezing temperature was −5 °C, and the removal rate could reach 98.18%. (2) The removal rate was positively correlated with ice thickness, freezing temperature and initial pH, positively correlated with initial concentration below 500 mg/L, and negatively correlated with initial concentration above 500 mg/L. (3) Through redundancy analysis, it was found that the experimental conditions could explain 90.7% of the characteristic parameters of Ca2+ removal. (4) The removal ability of Ca2+ was related to hydrogen bonding. The above results can be used to explain the mechanism of Ca2+ removal at the molecular level through the First-principles, which can provide a reference for the further study of the progressive freezing process for the treatment of high calcium wastewater.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
