Abstract
Over the years, ever more stringent requirements on the pollutant emissions, especially NOX, from combustion systems burning natural gas are introduced by the European Union (EU). Among all NOX reduction methods, the flue gas treatment by plasma is widely applied and could be used for both small scale and domestic combustion systems. However, the removal efficiency depends on concentrations of oxygen, water vapor, traces of hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in flue gas. In order to analyze the application of the NOX reduction for small-scale or domestic combustion systems, experiments of NOX reduction by non-thermal plasma from real flue gases originating from premixed methane combustion at different equivalence ratio (ER) values were performed. It was determined that the residual oxygen in flue gas plays an important role for improvement of NO to NO2 oxidation efficiency when O2 concentrations are equal to or higher than 6%. The power consumption for the plasma oxidation constituted approximately 1% of the burner power. In the case of ozone treatment, the addition of O3 to flue gas showed even more promising results as NO formed during combustion was fully oxidized to NO2 at all ER values.
Highlights
Even though the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources is going in the right direction, natural gas consumption for heat and power production is still increasing and has grown by3% over the last year [1]
In order to analyze the efficiency of NOX removal from flue gases, experiments were performed at rich, normal and lean combustion regimes
The lean combustion was achieved at two air equivalence ratio values (1.2 and 1.4), which in most cases are used in atmospheric combustion systems [43,49]
Summary
Even though the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources is going in the right direction, natural gas consumption for heat and power production is still increasing and has grown by3% over the last year [1]. The usage of natural gas still leads to emissions of hazardous pollutants to the atmosphere During combustion of these gases, nitrogen oxides NOX (NO and NO2 ) are produced that have negative impacts on human health and cause environmental problems such as acid rain, photochemical smog and ozone layer depletion [3,4,5]. Due to these problems, the European Union is tightening the requirements of environmental protection and requires to increase the energy efficiency and to find a way to reduce NOX emissions from combustion systems using natural gas [6]. This method is mostly used for gas turbines [7], it is difficult to implement in gas burners presently used in industrial
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