Abstract
Abstract: Aim This article deals with the estimation of a model for CO2 emissions in the Hidrosogamoso reservoir based on the organic matter level and water quality. This is in order to determine the impact of the creation of a tropical reservoir on the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG), and to establish the water quality and emissions dynamics. We hypothesize that the spatial variability of emissions is determined by water quality and carbon cycling in water. Methods Multivariate techniques were applied to determine the relationships between CO2 and certain physicochemical variables measured in the reservoir between February and May 2015, taking samples in 10 stations and measuring 14 variables (water quality parameters and CO2). Factor, cluster, discriminant and regression analysis, as well as the geostatistical technique kriging, were used. Results We observed that all variables except dissolved organic carbon have strong linear relationships. Nitrate, total-P, total solids and total suspended solids are related due to the presence of nutrients in the water; chlorophyll a and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon due to organic carbon; and alkalinity and dissolved solids due to dissolved minerals. The sampling stations can be classified into two homogeneous groups. The first consists of the stations peripheral to the reservoir and the second of stations inside the reservoir. This difference is due mainly to the behavior of chlorophyll a and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon, and these two variables are also the best predictors for CO2, with a maximum adjustment of 70%. Conclusions Our main conclusion is that the production of CO2 is due to decomposition of flooded organic carbon, depends on the soils flooded and the tributary water quality, and that the production of this gas will, based on the literature, continue for 5 to 10 years depending on the nature of the forest flooded.
Highlights
Hydroelectricity constitutes roughly 16% of the world’s electrical generation according to the 2015 Hydropower Status Report (IHA, 2015) of the International Hydropower Association
The sampling stations can be classified into two homogeneous groups
In this case study a range of statistical techniques, both multivariate and geostatistical, were applied to evaluate and model the spatial variability and relationships between various physico-chemical variables and the production of carbon dioxide in the Hidrosogamoso reservoir during the first year after impoundment
Summary
Hydroelectricity constitutes roughly 16% of the world’s electrical generation according to the 2015 Hydropower Status Report (IHA, 2015) of the International Hydropower Association. In 2015, 33.7 GW of new capacity was installed, including 2.5 GW of pumped storage, bringing total hydropower capacity to 1,212 GW worldwide (IHA, 2016). This form of energy production has been considered a clean source of energy for a long time. The main GHG are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (IPCC, 2001). These gases are emitted into the atmosphere from natural aquatic sources, terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic sources (Tremblay, et al, 2011). It is the largest contributor to the emission of GHG and has accounted for approximately 77% of global warming potential (GWP) weighted emissions since 1990, making up 75% of total GWP-weighted emissions in 1990 and 77% in 2013 (USEPA, 2015)
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