Application of Micro Educational Management in Documenting the Knowledge of Biology Teachers in Baghdad Schools

This research is entitled Quality Management of Islamic Education at Athirah Bukit Baruga Islamic High School and Al-Azhar 12 Islamic High School Makassar which aims to (1) Plan Islamic Education Quality Management at Athirah Bukit Baruga Islamic High School and Al-Azhar 12 Islamic High School Makassar (2) Implement Quality Management of Islamic Education at Athirah Bukit Baruga Islamic High School and Al-Azhar 12 Islamic High School Makassar (3) and Evaluating the Quality Management of Islamic Education at Athirah Bukit Baruga Islamic High School and Al-Azhar 12 Islamic High School Makassar. This research is qualitative descriptive research using observation, interview, and documentation methods. While what is used is (juridical, management, phenomenological, and sociological approaches). Selection of research subjects through purposive sampling, namely determining certain people as data sources, namely the head of the madrasah, wakamad, and teachers for each subject. Furthermore, the data obtained is analyzed on an ongoing basis, namely, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Quality Management of Islamic Education at Athirah Bukit Baruga Islamic High School and Al-Azhar 12 Islamic High School Makassar began with quality education planning which had two important meanings, namely program planning and intra and extra activities by the two Athirah Bukit Baruga Islamic High Schools. and SMA Islam Al-Azhar 12 Makassar, program planning must be followed by an implementation which includes five components through student management, curriculum management, management of educators and education staff, management of facilities and infrastructure, cost management. and curriculum management must be directed so that the learning process in the classroom runs smoothly and efficiently so that it can achieve the desired goals. Evaluation of quality education management carried out by the principal of the deputy head of school and education staff, together as a community of educators and implemented into the curriculum through self-development programs (routine school activities, spontaneous activities, exemplary, and conditioning), integration in subjects, and through the school culture. It is directed so

The field of educational management, leadership, and supervision is evolving rapidly, shaped by contemporary challenges and opportunities. This book, Educational Management, Leadership, and Supervision: Contemporary Perspectives, brings together diverse theoretical frameworks and practical insights to guide educators, administrators, and policymakers in fostering excellence in educational institutions. Drawing on contributions from esteemed scholars and practitioners, this work explores foundational theories, innovative leadership styles, strategic financial planning, professional development, and the integration of technology in education. It also addresses critical themes such as ethical leadership, inclusive practices, and effective policy implementation, offering a holistic view of the complexities inherent in modern educational systems. Designed as both a scholarly resource and a practical guide, this book emphasizes the importance of adaptability, equity, and visionary leadership in achieving sustainable institutional success. Whether you are an aspiring leader, an experienced administrator, or a researcher, the insights within these pages will equip you with the knowledge and tools to navigate the dynamic landscape of education with confidence and integrity. Educational management, as both a discipline and a practice, continues to evolve in response to the dynamic demands of contemporary education systems. This edited volume, Educational Management, Leadership and Supervision: Contemporary Perspectives, is conceived with the aim of offering scholars, practitioners, and policymakers a comprehensive and internationally relevant exploration of the core theories, leadership paradigms, and administrative practices that shape effective educational governance. Bringing together contributions from seasoned academics and researchers. This book provides a rigorous synthesis of classical and modern theoretical frameworks underpinning educational management. Each chapter reflects a deep engagement with current research and contextual realities, particularly within African educational settings, while maintaining relevance for global audiences. Chapter 1 establishes the conceptual foundation by examining major theoretical perspectives that inform educational management, emphasizing their application in fostering institutional excellence, equity, and efficiency. Chapter 2 explores diverse leadership styles—from autocratic to transformational—and their implications on school culture, teacher motivation, and student outcomes. Chapter 3 delves into financial planning and budgeting, offering strategic insights into resource allocation, sustainability, and policy influence on funding mechanisms. In Chapter 4, the focus shifts to professional development and teacher supervision, highlighting their interconnectedness in promoting instructional quality and continuous improvement. Chapter 5 addresses strategic planning as a tool for institutional advancement, exploring its role in aligning organizational goals with operational strategies. Chapter 6 critically examines technology integration in education administration, underscoring its transformative potential in enhancing transparency, data-driven decision-making, and service delivery. Chapter 7 presents an incisive analysis of policy formulation and implementation, emphasizing the need for context-sensitive and evidence-based approaches to educational reform. Chapter 8 explores emerging trends in supervision models, offering innovative frameworks for improving instructional leadership and classroom effectiveness. Chapter 9 focuses on ethical leadership and moral decision-making, advocating for principled governance that upholds justice, integrity, and accountability in educational institutions. Chapter 10 investigates the complexities of inclusive leadership, addressing how diversity, equity, and access can be embedded into administrative practices and institutional cultures. Finally, Chapter 11 offers a forward-looking perspective on the future of educational management, integrating global best practices with local realities to prepare institutions for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. This book is not merely a collection of academic essays but a call to action for educational leaders to engage deeply with theory, reflect critically on practice, and apply contextually appropriate strategies in their institutions. It advocates for a multifaceted approach to management—one that balances structure with flexibility, accountability with empowerment, and tradition with innovation. We hope this volume serves as a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers, school administrators, and ministry officials seeking to enhance their understanding of the theoretical and practical dimensions of educational leadership and management. In doing so, we aspire to contribute to the global discourse on building resilient, inclusive, and future-ready educational institutions. Finally, we extend our gratitude to the contributors whose expertise has enriched this volume, and we hope this book serves as a catalyst for transformative leadership and meaningful change in education worldwide.

Developing nursing management and leadership capability in the workplace: does it work?

This article aims to document the findings of a professional development intervention study seeking to promote in-service preschool teachers’ professional growth about education for sustainability (EfS) through media literacy (ML). The overall aim of this year-long action research project (based on the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate or ADDIE approach) was to foster teachers' knowledge and awareness regarding EfS via a professional development program incorporating media literacy education. Four preschool teachers participated in the professional development program. Participants’ in-class EfS implementations before and after the professional development program were examined utilizing interview, stimulated recall interviews, field notes and content analysis of teacher daily and monthly plans. The principal outcome of the study was that the proposed professional development program does, indeed, lead to the growth of the early childhood teachers' EfS knowledge and awareness. In the short term, examination of participants’ pre/post intervention teaching activities indicated that fostering teachers’ ML skills helped when designing EfS activities since they were able to access, analyze & evaluate and create EfS related media resources more effectively. Longer-term, the teachers involved in the study incorporated an increased number of EfS related activities in-class, as evidenced by their post-intervention daily and monthly plans.

This paper presents the outcomes of a research study that examined the views of heads of schools and teachers on what positive leadership meant to them and the impact positive leadership can have on teachers’ professional growth. The research followed a mixed-methods convergence model approach. Six heads of schools from church and independent schools participated in an online interview, and 106 teachers from all church and independent schools participated in an online questionnaire. The results showed that both heads of schools and teachers agree that positive leadership improves communication, trust and support between them. These factors allow teachers to be more innovative in their practices, which also contributes to their professional development and growth. The findings also highlighted the importance of key practices in positive leadership and revealed valuable information regarding the application of positive leadership in Maltese primary schools. Furthermore, the research also recognised that the impact of positive leadership on teachers’ professional growth also influences the school culture. The research concluded that positive leadership is an effective approach to promoting professional growth in teachers and suggests recommendations for educational leaders to adopt positive leadership practices to support teacher development and enhance school culture.

در این پژوهش سعی بر آن است الگویی بر اساس تحلیل مضمون برای صلاحیت‌های مدیران مدارس آموزش‌وپرورش استخراج گردد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش در زمینه اسناد شامل: کلیه مقالات، رساله­ها، طرح­ها و گزارش­های پژوهشی مرتبط با موضوع موردپژوهش در گستره زمانی 2000-2018 در حوزه صلاحیت‌های مدیران آموزشی با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بود. در فرایند تحلیل مضمون با همسوسازی داده‌ها به تدوین و اعتبار یابی چارچوب صلاحیت­های مدیران آموزشی پرداخته شد .پایایی نتایج با استفاده از روش هولستی 95/0 برآورد گردید. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش صلاحیت‌های مدیران آموزشی در 4 تم فراگیر دانایی، تعالی معنوی، پویندگی و پایستگی خلاصه گردید. مضمون دانایی شامل دو مضمون پیش­سازمان­دهندۀ (یاددهی- یادگیری و سازمانی) و 8 مضمون پایه می‌باشد. مضمون تعالی معنوی شامل 3 مضمون پیش­سازمان­دهندۀ (عشق به هستی، جهان‌بینی معنوی و ایمان و امید) و 9 مضمون پایه است. مضمون پویندگی شامل 4 مضمون پیش­سازمان­دهندۀ (پیشرویی، تشریک‌مساعی، مدیریت ارتباطات، دیدگاه جهانی) و 8 مضمون پایه است. درنهایت مضمون پایستگی شامل 5 مضمون پیش­سازمان­دهندۀ (مدیریت تکنولوژی، مدیریت مالی پایدار، مدیریت نوآفرینی، مدیریت محیط زیست و مدیریت سلامت پایدار) و 13 مضمون پایه می‌باشد. مدل حاضر می‌تواند مبنای مناسبی برای مدیران در مدارس و همچنین سنجش و ارائه راهکارهایی برای انتخاب مدیران بر اساس مؤلفه‌های تعریف‌شده در این مدل باشد.

The connection between theoretical knowledge gained at teacher education institutions and practical skills on field can only be completed by offering NQTs with effective training in the form of induction to help them develop professional knowledge, skills and understanding to confront the expectations of the profession. The absence of formal policy to guide induction in Ghana has resulted in inconsistencies and difficulties in assessing the effect of the programme on NQTs’ professional growth. The study sought to assess the influence of school-based induction programmes on the professional growth and development of NQTs using the National Teachers’ Standards as the assessment yardstick. Descriptive case study design was employed for the study using questionnaire, interview, observation and document analysis as instruments to gather data from forty-two NQTs in three sampled Senior High Schools in Ashanti-Mampong Municipality in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Data obtained were analysed using inductive and deductive analysis where similar themes and patterns where identified and analysed. The findings of the study show that, professional values and attitudes was the main skill acquired by NQTs attributing to the fact that the induction programme focused on orienting NQTs to understand the general ethics and culture of the profession, rather than serving as a training programme to equip them with on-the job training. Hence, induction had little influence on NQTs’ professional knowledge and professional practices. Even though the training programme was rated as effective in orienting NQTs, it had no influence on their decision to remain in the teaching profession because it was less effective in helping them acquire and utilize professional skills and knowledge. Improving on quality and standards of practice, stakeholders of induction programmes should give NQTs the opportunity to explicitly express what they require as professional support and work towards improving that skill to ensure total growth and development, and survival in the teaching profession. Keywords: Teacher induction programmes, National Teachers’ Standards, Newly Qualified Teachers, Professional growth and development DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-21-06 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Teacher-Carried Research as a Tool for Teachers' Professional GrowthInquiry among the schoolteachers' needs to be embedded, cultivated, sustained and nurtured as a tool for a better understanding of the processes in the education and for fostering teachers' ongoing professional growth. This study explores teachers' self-evaluation of their competency to conduct research and to incorporate it in the classroom. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to seek answers about teachers' engagement with research and to explore the factors of resistance for carrying out research in the classroom setting. This study also dwells upon some mechanisms that lead teachers to carry out research. The focus group interviews which were conducted reflect on the factors that encourage teachers to become more involved in the research and point to the advantages they perceive as emanating from the research. The qualitative part of inquiry reflects teachers' narrative ways of construction and reconstruction of their personal and professional knowledge. The authors discuss the processes that foster teachers to move from the fragmentary use of research strategies to the ability to live in the inquiry, practice new behaviours in the classroom, unlearn the old ones, reflect in action and stay open to a range of new initiatives.

With todays technology, teachers need to have digital literacy. It is a key requirement for teachers’ professional growth in order to be functional in today's teaching profession. Thus it is important for teachers to have a digital mindset. Teachers need to be techno savvy and use available online interactive platforms in sharing their teaching practice. Advancement in technology provides opportunities for the learning processes as one is able to access various forms of information as well as share one’s ideas through the use of multi-modal communication style. This paper aims to overlook at ICT as not only as a teaching tool but as a platform to exchange knowledge among teachers or instructors. Teachers can then creatively produce and contribute resources to be shared with others online. Raising awareness among teachers of the importance of digital literacy, will foster teachers' continuous and lifelong professional development.

Effective leadership is essential in transforming schools into vibrant learning environments that foster teachers' professional growth and boost student achievement. Among various leadership styles, transformational leadership, with its emphasis on vision, support, and innovation, stands out due to its potential to maximize performance and foster school success. The objective of this research is to translate and culturally adapt the Global Transformational Leadership Scale (GTL) by Carless et al. (2000) into Turkish, with a focus on its application in educational institutions. The adaptation process followed a rigorous methodology to ensure the scale's semantic and conceptual equivalence in Turkish culture. This process involved translation, back-translation, and revisions based on expert feedback. The research was conducted with a sample of 322 teachers from a mid-sized city in eastern Türkiye, and data collection took place in three phases: linguistic equivalence testing with English teachers, parallel testing with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and other relevant scales, and test-retest reliability analysis. CFA was performed to verify the scale's factor structure, and various validity and reliability measures were assessed, including convergent validity, nomological validity, and measurement invariance across gender, education level, and tenure. The results indicated that the adapted GTL scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring transformational leadership in Turkish educational institutions.

Mentoring is highly valued to support teachers’ professional growth. Yet little is known about mentors’ experiences and roles in supporting early childhood education teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study sought to fill that gap by asking mentors how they foster teachers’ capacity, as well as the barriers and enablers they have experienced as mentors. Utilising an online survey, data were gathered from 138 participants who had diverse experiences of mentoring across the career span and came from a variety of early childhood organisations in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article reports on how mentors view their roles, the specific strategies and practices they use, and the challenges they face. While it is recognised that mentoring is a complex, skilled and rewarding role, many mentors may not have access to professional development and mentorship to support them in their roles as mentors.

This study investigates preschool teachers’ post-service training needs and explores strategies to enhance training effectiveness. A total of 31 teachers from A Kindergarten in S City, Jiangsu Province, participated in questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Results show that teachers widely recognize the importance of post-service training for professional competence and educational quality. Their main needs center on teaching skills, updated educational theories, and practical experience. Most preferred blended online-offline formats to balance flexibility and efficiency. Challenges remain, including mismatched content, limited resources, lack of personalization, and weak evaluation mechanisms. Drawing on domestic and international research, this paper suggests strengthening needs assessments, optimizing training content and methods, developing personalized profiles, and improving evaluation systems. These approaches are expected to enhance training effectiveness, foster teachers’ professional growth, and promote sustainable preschool education.

This study investigates the influence of school principals' managerial skills and teachers' work motivation on the quality of Junior High Schools in Kedungwuni District, Pekalongan Regency. The research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design involving 110 teachers from various schools in the district. Data was collected using questionnaires with a Likert scale and performed using multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that school principals' managerial skills and teachers' work motivation significantly influence school quality. The results showed that school principals' managerial skills contributed 61.7% to improving school quality, while teachers' work motivation contributed 72.0%. Moreover, both variables accounted for 63.8% of the variation in school quality, indicating that they work together to enhance educational outcomes. The study further identified that the most significant dimension of managerial skills was human relations, followed by conceptual and technical skills. At the same time, intrinsic motivation played a more prominent role in motivating teachers than extrinsic motivation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that school principals enhance their managerial skills, especially in technical aspects, and that teachers actively improve their motivation. The local education authority should also support the development of school principals' leadership capabilities and create programs that foster teachers' professional growth. This study contributes to understanding how effective leadership and motivated teachers can significantly improve school quality, offering valuable insights for educational policymakers and practitioners.

Today, the importance and role of education and educational management in the development and progress of societies and organizations is not hidden from anyone. Basically, improving the scientific level of individuals and the dynamism of organizations and their benefiting from the latest developments in the world of knowledge is not possible without relying on the education and training of talented and dynamic forces, and even increasing the economic, social, political, cultural power and prosperity of learning organizations is dependent on the expansion and development of education and approaches to the educational management system. This article seeks to explain the importance, role and process of educational management in seven areas (individual and scientific characteristics of the teacher, curriculum, educational evaluation, classroom management, educational space and facilities factor, educational management and education system). Finally, the category of educational evaluation, educational management processes and its role in creating growth, creativity, learning and teaching of students and teachers will be mentioned. The results of this research show that educational management is considered one of the most important factors in the educational system; Why are teaching and learning conditions in educational environments constantly subject to various changes? And this educational management can help the education system adapt to those changes. Educational management is one of the most common and best solutions for training teachers and updating their information, and ultimately promoting teachers' career advancement and student learning.

This research study investigates the impact of upskilling and reskilling initiatives for educational leadership and management on student learning outcomes, teacher retention, and school culture. The study involves a mixed-methods approach, which includes surveys, interviews, and document analysis, to gather data from educational leaders and teachers from various schools in the Philippines. The findings of the study reveal that upskilling and reskilling initiatives for educational leadership and management can have a positive impact on student learning outcomes, teacher retention, and school culture. The study identifies key competencies and skills necessary for effective educational leadership and management and highlights effective pedagogical approaches and training methods for upskilling and reskilling initiatives. Comparing the findings to previous studies, the research supports the idea that investing in upskilling and reskilling initiatives for educational leaders and teachers is crucial for improving student learning outcomes and school culture. Furthermore, the study suggests that a holistic approach that focuses on both technical and soft skills development is necessary for the success of upskilling and reskilling initiatives. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the impact of upskilling and reskilling initiatives for educational leadership and management. The findings highlight the importance of investing in professional development for educational leaders and teachers to improve student learning outcomes, teacher retention, and school culture. The study provides practical recommendations for the design and implementation of upskilling and reskilling initiatives and suggests methods for measuring their impact. Ultimately, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on effective educational leadership and management and offers guidance for educational policymakers, administrators, and teachers seeking to improve their professional development programs.