Abstract
We used the Mass Multivariate Method on structural, resting-state, and task-related fMRI data from two groups of patients with schizophrenia and depression in order to define several regions of significant relevance to the differential diagnosis of those conditions. The regions included the left planum polare (PP), the left opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (OpIFG), the medial orbital gyrus (MOrG), the posterior insula (PIns), and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). This study delivered evidence that a multimodal neuroimaging approach can potentially enhance the validity of psychiatric diagnoses. Structural, resting-state, or task-related functional MRI modalities cannot provide independent biomarkers. Further studies need to consider and implement a model of incremental validity combining clinical measures with different neuroimaging modalities to discriminate depressive disorders from schizophrenia. Biological signatures of disease on the level of neuroimaging are more likely to underpin broader nosological entities in psychiatry.
Highlights
The World Health Organization has noted a significant increase in the global prevalence of mental illness including conditions such as mood disorders and schizophrenia (SCH)
It is of vital necessity to provide pro-innovative methodological tools that can assist in the definition of the underlying mechanisms of psychiatric disease and thereby redefine medical classifications applied in psychiatry [2]
The findings suggest that psychotic-like experiences are associated with a dopamine-induced disruption of auditory input to the salience network (SN), which may lead to aberrant attribution of salience
Summary
The World Health Organization has noted a significant increase in the global prevalence of mental illness including conditions such as mood disorders and schizophrenia (SCH) These disorders evoke an enormous social burden, since they cause chronic disability, and have a high comorbidity rate as well as pernicious consequences for the individual and for their immediate family. Their diagnostic and therapeutic framework has not been marked by scientific advancements to the same degree as that observed for other medical disciplines. The categorization of psychiatric nosology is biologically invalidated and inadequate to explicitly discern conditions with overlapping pathological behavioral patterns [4,5]
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