Application of macro and trace element analyses to identification of upward flow of water from Miocene aquifer into the Warsaw–Berlin ice-marginal valley aquifer (Śrem, Poland)

Data quantifying the behaviour of macro and trace elements along the feed – manure – treated waste continuum in pig production

It is critical to determine the amount of mineral and toxic elements in roughages, which play an important role in animal nutrition. In this study, macro (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P), trace (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Sn, V, Si, Se, Sr, Sb, B), and toxic element (Al, As, Be, Cd, Pb) analysis of 14 roughages were determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optik Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) method. CRM (NCS DC 73350, poplar leaves) confirmed the accuracy of the method. The samples were solubilized according to the microwave wet digestion method. The macro, trace and toxic element contents of 14 roughages were compared and evaluated according to the results of the analyses. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) displayed the groups as dendrograms. Toxic elements like As, Be, Cd, Co, and Sb were not found in any of the samples. The only one that was found was Pb, which was 0.181±0.12, 0.45+0.07, and 0.40+0.13 mg kg-1 in grain corn leaf, sorghum leaf, and lentil straw, in that order. On the other hand, Sn was found as 0.01+0.005 mg kg-1 only in fodder pea stalk and Si was identified as 1015+140 mg kg-1 only in chickpea straw. In the study, it can be suggested that different roughages contain macro and trace elements at varying rates, and these roughages can be included in the rations according to these element ratios.

Cassava’s important mineral contents depends on some factors, including genetic and growing locational factors. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genotype and growing locations on the mineral concentrations in yellow-fleshed cassava root genotypes. Twenty-five pipeline yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes and three white-fleshed varieties (check samples) were planted at five different experimental fields for two seasons, each representing the major agroecological zones in Nigeria. Standard laboratory protocols were employed in the sampling to ensure zero contamination, and the trace and macro elements were determined using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopic method (ICPOES). The trace and macro elements identified in all the genotypes and varieties investigated were Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Mo, Co, Ni, Zn, and Al; Ca, Mg, Na, K. P, and S respectively. Genotype and growing location had a highly significant (p < 0.05) effect on all the trace elements except Ti and Cr. However, there was no interactive effect between genotype and growing location on all the trace elements except for Pb and Zn. Among the explanatory variables, the variable growing location was the most influential on macro and trace elements. Conclusively, genotypes 01/1442 and 01/1273 have outstanding trace and macro element concentrations.

Evaluation of macro and trace elements content of wild edible Iranian plants and their contribution to dietary reference intakes

Calcareous soil is relatively poor in plant nutrients and organic contents. Such great problem may be solved by applying organic manure and natural minerals. Therefore, using natural sources (NS), either mineral or rock (feldspar, magnetite ore including certain micronutrients (MO) and rock phosphate), may be considered a specific management program for reducing the needs for imported chemical fertilizers which are expensive than those natural ones. Four treatments which were:- 1- Either rice straw compost (RSC) or farmyard manure (FYM) alone, 2- RSC enriched with macronutrients or FYM enriched with macronutrients (RSC+Ma or FYM+Ma), 3- RSC enriched with Micronutrients or FYM enriched with Micronutrients (RSC+Mi or FYM+Mi) and 4- Organic sources (RSC or FYM) enriched with macronutrients and micronutrients supply (ERSC and EFYM). These treatments were either un-inoculated or inoculated with a mixture of phosphorus, potassium and calcium dissolving bacteria to study the effects of these treatments on macronutrients availability in soil, nutritional status and yield components of both wheat and maize crops. Results showed general high significant increases for available N, P and K, yields (straw and grains) of both wheat and maize along with their total content of the indicated macronutrients due to the application of ERSC in presence of inoculation as compared to RSC alone (without application of macro or micro elements). With regard to effect of inoculation with dissolving nutrients bacteria, there was insignificant effect on the studied parameters through the two studied seasons. In spite of that, the inoculation was superior more than non-inoculation. As far as applied organic sources, results indicated that values representing parameters studied for both crops more increased due to adding the RSC as compared to FYM. Moreover, positive effect of EOM treatment (average of ERSC and EFYM) on macronutrients availability in soil, their total content in plant and yield components for the two studied seasons was more positively affected significantly as compared to other treatments. Finally, data indicated that the ERSC can be used as a source of fertilization in presence of the nutrients dissolving bacteria in calcareous soils and expected to be economic as well as environmentally safe.

Macro elements are the minerals of which the body needs more amounts and are more important than any other elements. Trace elements constitute a minute part of the living tissues and have various metabolic characteristics and functions. Trace elements participate in tissue and cellular and subcellular functions; these include immune regulation by humoral and cellular mechanisms, nerve conduction, muscle contractions, membrane potential regulations, and mitochondrial activity and enzyme reactions. The status of micronutrients such as iron and vanadium is higher in type 2 diabetes. The calcium, magnesium, sodium, chromium, cobalt, iodine, iron, selenium, manganese, and zinc seem to be low in type 2 diabetes while elements such as potassium and copper have no effect. In this review, we emphasized the status of macro and trace elements in type 2 diabetes and its advantages or disadvantages; this helps to understand the mechanism, progression, and prevention of type 2 diabetes due to the lack and deficiency of different macro and trace elements.

Most of exogenous epigenetic sulphur deposits are clearly associated with intensely karstified carbonate and sulphate rocks. This paper demonstrates, using the Pre-Carpathian region as an example, that karstification is one of the most important processes guiding the formation of sulphur deposits. This is determined by a coincidence of some major prerequisites of these two processes. In the Podol'sky and Bukovinsky regions the Miocene aquifer system is well drained by erosion valleys; the giant network caves known here in gypsum formed under past artesian conditions. In the region of sulphur deposits, associated with the same karstified gypsum strata, true artesian conditions still prevail. Hydrogeologic data show that abundant cavities detected in the vicinity of sulphur deposits can be interpreted as having the same origin as the relict caves of the Podol'sky and Bukovinsky regions. The widespread belief that the gypsum/anhydrite bed in the region is an aquifuge separating the Miocene aquifers is inadequate. This belief caused much controversy with regard to the genetic interpretations of sulphur deposits in the region. Cave systems formed by the upward water flow through the gypsum/anhydrite bed govern the water exchange between the aquifers within the aquifer system. A new karst model for the formation of sulphur deposits is suggested. It agrees well with the hydrogeological features of the Miocene sequence and with biogeochemical mechanisms of sulphur origin in low-temperature diagenetic environments.

Relaunch cropping on marginal soils by incorporating amendments and beneficial trace elements in an interdisciplinary approach

The utilization of medicinal plants in Iran and other parts of the world is increasing, and there is a need to study the levels of macro and trace elements, including toxic elements, in medicinal plants. This study analyzed trace and macro elements in 42 medicinal plant samples from a medicinal plant garden in Hamadan city, western Iran. The average trace element contents (mg kg-1 dry weight) in the aerial parts were 1.29mgkg-1 for Cd, 10.5mgkg-1 for Cu, 75.5mgkg-1 for Fe, 41.3mgkg-1 for Mn, 3.22mgkg-1 for Ni, and 19.7mgkg-1 for Zn. Iron was highest in Origanum majorana (96.7mgkg-1), while Cd was lowest in Inula helenium (0.85mgkg-1). For macro elements, the highest values were Ca in Urtica dioica (27,800mgkg-1), K in Echium amoenum (34,600mgkg-1), Mg in Verbascum thapsus (9080mgkg-1), and Na in Borago officinalis (10,500mgkg-1). Relative to adult RDAs, Marrubium vulgare is a key source of Ca (64%) and K (22%), Achillea millefolium provides Mg (98%), Fe (54%), and Mn (97%), and Matricaria chamomilla contributes Cu (86%). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) averaged 0.68 for Cd, 0.27 for Cu, 0.005 for Fe, 0.26 for Mn, 0.05 for Ni, and 0.44 for Zn, with the highest BCF for Cd (0.92 in Urtica dioica) and lowest for Fe (0.0031 in Marrubium vulgare). The Alcea kurdica, Plantago major, and Urtica dioica may be considered in phytoremediation due to the higher Cd and Ni accumulation. Among studied trace elements, Cd had the highest hazard quotient. This study highlights both the nutritional benefits and safety hazards linked to medicinal plants and proposes some medicinal plants for possible phytoremediation of contaminated soils.

Spraying Chemlali olive seedlings with humic and amino acids, macro and trace elements, as a single or in different were evaluated during two successive seasons 2008 and 2009. Each treatment was sprayed three times (March, July and September). Shoot and root characteristics also leaf macro and trace elements were discussed. The obtained results indicated that treatment of (Humic acid +amino acids+ macro elements+ trace elements) was the most effective one compared with the other treatment since this treatments gave the best results concerning plant height, brunch numbers, leaf numbers, also it increased plant diameter and leaves area comparing with control. On the other hand, this treatment raised root length and root weight than the control plant.

The Small Indigenous Fishes (SIFs) available in the wild habitat are preferred for consumption. Fish, a high-protein and low-fat food, provides various health benefits. The present study highlights the analysis of macro and micro elements of the indigenous fish species Pangio pangia (nganap achouba),Lepidocephalichthys irrorata(nganap macha), and Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei( ngakijou)using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The results of the present study revealed that the macro elements, namely Ca, Na, Mg, P, and K, and microelements, such as Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, were detected in varying concentrations. The macro element viz, Mg (83.80 ±0.52mg/100g), P (756.00 ± 0.88 mg/100gm), and microelement Fe(8.70 ±0.68 mg/100gm), Cu (0.97±0.38 mg/100g) were found significantly higher (p<0.05) in Pangio pangia. On the other hand, Na (158.10 ±0.63mg/100g) and K(85.70 ± 0.46 mg/100g) were significantly higher(p<0.05) in Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei among the fish studied. Ca (1725.00 ±0.38mg/100g) content was recorded as significantly higher (P<0.05) than other macro elements and found highest in Lepidocephalichthys irrorata. From the above analysis, it has been observed that all the fishes were good sources of minerals. This elemental profile study will impact the future study of their roles in cellular metabolism, growth, and development in addition to their nutritive, detoxification, immune functions, and antioxidant activity.

The accumulation of hazardous contaminants in Cannabis sativa L. raises warning signs regarding possible adverse effects on human health due to the consumption of herbal medicines and/or other herbal edible products made from cannabis. Thus, there is an urge to investigate the levels of hazardous contaminants, such as heavy metals, in cannabis plant. In the present study, 29 macro and trace elements, including both beneficial and toxic elements (heavy metals and metalloids), were investigated in 90 samples of Cannabis sativa L. collected from Greece. According to the results, the detected concentrations of macro elements in the leaves/flowers of cannabis ranged between 28 and 138,378 ppm, and of trace elements between 0.002 and 1352.904 ppm. Although the concentrations of elements varied among the samples, their accumulation pattern was found to be similar, with the contribution of toxic elements to the total concentration of trace elements being below 1%. The detected levels of the most toxic elements were below the prescribed limits established by the WHO, while the calculated THQ and CR values showed no risk (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) for the population exposed to the current cannabis samples. Positive correlation between the concentration of elements and cannabis geographical origin and variety was observed. Cannabis leaves/flowers were more contaminated with trace and macro elements than seeds.

Vegetable consumption is recommended and encouraged by all nutritionists and doctors across the planet. However, in addition to minerals which are beneficial to the body, certain minerals with a negative influence on human health can sneak in. It is very important that in the case of some minerals their content in vegetables is known, so that the recommended limits are not exceeded. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macro elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn, Co) in 24 samples of vegetables from four botanical families (Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae and Amaryllidaceae), purchased from the market in Timișoara, Romania, both imported products as well as local products. The atomic-absorption-spectrometry technique (FAAS) was used to evaluate the macro elements and trace elements. The values obtained for the macro elements and trace elements were used as input data for the analysis of multivariate data, the principal component analysis (PCA) in which the vegetable samples were grouped according to their contribution of certain mineral elements, as well as according to some of the botanical families to which they belong. At the same time, based on the values obtained for trace elements, an assessment of the risk to human health in terms of consumption of the vegetables studied was carried out. The risk assessment for human health was determined on the basis of the estimated daily dose (EDI), the values of the target hazard coefficient (THQ), the values of the total target hazard coefficient (TTHQ) and the carcinogenic risk (CR). Following the determination of THQ, the values obtained followed the order THQWith > THQCd > THQPb > THQCo > THQMn > THQZn > THQFe. The results on the content of macro elements and trace elements, as well as the assessment of the risk to human health when consuming the assessed vegetables, were within the limits of European Union (EU) and World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO)legislation.

The paper presents the results of chemical analysis of lake waters in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP). The BTNP area is unique due to its location within a single catchment and high variability in geological structure. Moreover, the lakes have different morphometric parameters, represent different hydrological types, trophic types and thermal regimes. Another unique feature is the existence of five lobelia lakes. This name comes from the Latin name of the taxon – Lobelia dortmanna L. which has been included in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. The chemical analysis included 55 parameters, within macro elements (MEs), trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs). Low concentrations of MEs, TEs and REEs confirm the absence of anthropogenic pressure. High variation of ME, TE and REE contents between individual lakes is due to different geological structure. The cluster analysis enabled lakes to be divided into six groups taking into account all analyzed water quality parameters. The lobelia lakes were characterized by the lowest concentrations of MEs and REEs, which mainly result from the small catchment area and their mainly endorheic character. The highest variability of MEs, TEs and REEs occurred in endorheic lakes, where the geological structure was dominant. The lowest variability of MEs, TEs and REEs occurred in the lakes connected by the Struga Siedmiu Jezior stream. The analysis of MEs, TEs and REEs in relation to the environmental factors and trophic, hydrologic and thermal typology allowed a better understanding of their spatial distribution in the BTNP lakes. The obtained results indicate that the values of the studied elements were generally close to the average values noted in surface waters according to the Geochemical Atlas of Europe.

Potato was considered as food security crop in Ethiopia because of its high yielding potential, high nutritional quality, short growing period and wider adaptability. In area coverage, it is second widely grown crop next to ‘Enset’ (Ensete ventricosum L.). Its production is affected by many factors. Among these factors, optimum fertilizer application is the main factor degrading the productivity of the crop. Achieving optimum fertilizer application depends on the climate, soil, variety and availability of the water. This review was aimed to access all available fertilizer trials to point out the types of fertilizers soil is deficient in relation to potato crop response and needed additional application during production cycles for boosting yield. Almost all soil of arable lands of Ethiopia was deficient in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur(S). In addition, a larger part of arable land was deficient in N, P, S, and boron (B). Some lands’ soils require addition of either of potassium or Zinc other time both. Potato is requiring both macro and micro elements for high yield and better quality product. It is concluded that, most reviewed sources indicate that there was less recommendation concerning micro and macro elements for potato in the country in relation to the variable ecology of the country owned. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/87-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2021