Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a macromolecule recognition technique, which is considered as a new advent in the field of cytology. Initially, it was developed as a physical mapping tool to delineate genes within chromosomes. The accuracy and versatility of FISH were subsequently capitalized upon in biological and medical research. This visually appealing technique provides an intermediate degree of resolution between DNA analysis and chromosomal investigations. FISH consists of a hybridizing DNA probe, which can be labeled directly or indirectly. In the case of direct labeling, fluorescent nucleotides are used, while indirect labeling is incorporated with reporter molecules that are subsequently detected by fluorescent antibodies or other affinity molecules. FISH is applied to detect genetic abnormalities that include different characteristic gene fusions or the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell or loss of a chromosomal region or a whole chromosome. It is also applied in different research applications, such as gene mapping or the identification of novel oncogenes. This article reviews the concept of FISH, its application, and its advantages in medical science.
Highlights
BackgroundThe study of the genetics of cells and molecular biology has helped us to build up some ‘in situ hybridization’ techniques [1], through which congenital disorders or abnormalities can be detected to handle the cases more effectively and efficiently during the clinical practices [2]
These signals could be grasped and visualized using fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes, which further unveiled another way of detecting genetic abnormalities in medical science [5]
A literature search was done in PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar using strings of keywords as follows: fluorescence in situ hybridization, genetic anomalies and their correction, and application of FISH with dates ranging from January 1984 to December 2015
Summary
BackgroundThe study of the genetics of cells and molecular biology has helped us to build up some ‘in situ hybridization’ techniques [1], through which congenital disorders or abnormalities can be detected to handle the cases more effectively and efficiently during the clinical practices [2]. The detection of specific gene sequences on the chromosome, or either its presence or absence, is the central concern of cytogenetic technique in diagnosing as well as enumerating a genetic disorder or abnormalities. How to cite this article Ratan Z, Zaman S, Mehta V, et al (June 09, 2017) Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Technique for the Detection of Genetic Aberration in Medical Science. Fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes, which are attached to the high degree of complementary parts of the chromosome, emit the colored signals. These signals could be grasped and visualized using fluorescent DNA probes, which further unveiled another way of detecting genetic abnormalities in medical science [5]
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