Abstract
Sixty-four multi-electrode Lund imaging system coupled with ABEM SAS 4000 Terrameter was used for the electrical imaging of the study area. Wenner and Gradient arrays with 2 m minimum electrode spacing were employed which revealed resistivity changes in the vertical and horizontal directions along the survey lines. Earth imager software was employed for the processing and the iteration of the 2-D resistivity data. The subsurface is characterized with soil material with resistivity ranging from 42 - 15,000 Ohm-m, reflective of varying degree of conductivity associated with changing lithology and fluid type. Correlation with borehole data shows that the first 10 m is composed of laterite. While sand materials occupy 10 to about 60 m beneath the surface, with anomalously high resistivity ≤15,000 Ohm-m in most parts. These high resistivity formations can be attributed to the presence of hydrocarbon within the subsurface, which is an indication that shallow aquifer in the study area has been polluted. The water level in the study area is close to the surface, between 4 - 5 m. As a result of the high resistivity formations in most parts, deep wells of about 45 m are recommended after geophysical investigations.
Highlights
A groundwater pollutant is any substance that makes the water unclean or otherwise unsuitable for a particular purpose when it reaches an aquifer
The Niger Delta covers an area of about 75,000 km2 (28,957 mi2) in southern Nigeria, where the Niger Delta discharges its water into the Atlantic Ocean through a series of distributaries
Integration of the two 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) array results show that subsurface is characterized with soil material with resistivity ranging from 42 - 15,000 Ω∙m reflective of varying degree of conductivity associated with varying lithology and fluid type
Summary
A groundwater pollutant is any substance that makes the water unclean or otherwise unsuitable for a particular purpose when it reaches an aquifer. The Niger Delta is a large curve shaped delta which is located in Southern Nigeria like some other deltaic environments in the world It occupies an area lying between longitude 4 ̊E - 9 ̊E and latitude 4 ̊N - 6 ̊N. It is bounded in the west by the Calabar flank, in the north by the Anambra platform and in the south by the Atlantic Ocean under which it extends Figure 1 and Figure 3. Both marine and mixed continental depositional environment characterize the Niger Delta of Nigeria [10]. The Niger Delta covers an area of about 75,000 km (28,957 mi2) in southern Nigeria, where the Niger Delta discharges its water into the Atlantic Ocean through a series of distributaries
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