Abstract
The task of biomedical diagnostics is to determine the dependence of the conclusion/diagnosis on the sets of parameters that characterize the state of the biosystem/patient. The performed analytical review of modern scientific literature permitted us to determine that Bayesian, regression and correlation analyzes and logical programming are most often used for biomedical diagnostics purposes. At the same time, their informativeness can only be realized for the solution of those diagnostic tasks in which quantitative parameters are analyzed. Qualitative and binary information provides an opportunity to find out more about features of the biosystem’s state. However, its use is limited, since the results obtained are presented in words (that is, in a linguistic form) that cannot be processed by means of traditional (digital) mathematical analysis. The objective of this work was determining the capabilities of the mathematical apparatus to deepen the study of hormonopoiesis in the thyroid gland. The object of the study was electron micrographs of ultrathin tissue sections, its subject was the features of correlations between ultrastructural cell elements which carry out the processes of synthesis and secretion in follicular thyrocytes. In the context of studying the features of synthetic and secretory activity of follicular thyrocytes of the thyroid glands in white male rats, it was shown that the objectification of non-numerical information about the state of cells allows us to use linguistic information about changes in their morphofunctional state. Implementation of correlation analysis for studying the relationships and interdependencies between organelles which implement synthesis and secretion of the hormonal product in the main structural unit of the thyroid gland – follicular thyrocyte – allows us to determine, study, analyze and generalize peculiarities of both changes in individual ultrastructures and their functional complexes (clusters) in response to the actions of various factors and to trace the interdependencies and mutual interactions existing between them, as well as to deepen the idea of the intimate mechanism features of the specific directions of follicular thyrocyte activity, which substantially expands the research platform in cytophysiology and cytomorphology.
Highlights
Modern biology and medicine are passing into a new phase of their development, which implies wider involvement of mathematical approaches to solving problems in certain sections of these disciplines (Murray, 2003; Tiwari, 2012; Amigó & Small, 2017)
This need has arisen due to the fact that traditional methods of research used in medicine and biology no longer satisfy the theoretical and practical demands of researchers, since they are based on the opposite conceptual principles: the use of either quantitative data about the investigated object obtained from its measurements, or qualitative information that describes the status of a given object of research in the words of the language used
The task of biomedical diagnostics is to determine the dependence of the diagnosis on a plurality of parameters of the studied system’s state, which can be quantitative, qualitative or binary
Summary
Modern biology and medicine are passing into a new phase of their development, which implies wider involvement of mathematical approaches to solving problems in certain sections of these disciplines (Murray, 2003; Tiwari, 2012; Amigó & Small, 2017). The quantitative definitions, despite their objectivity, do not allow us to determine and analyze all the nuances of the biological system’s state, which can be an organism/tissue/cell, whereas the qualitative information that can mark the slightest changes in the state of the system under examination in various positive and negative influences is not subject to calculation. This makes it subjective and does not permit comparisons, evidence based conclusions, analyses and generalizations. The basic mathematical methods used to solve the set tasks are Bayesian, regression and correlation analyzes, logical programming and the principle of phase interval; diagnosis on the principles of fuzzy logic is promising
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