Abstract
Compressive sensing (CS) offers compression of data below the Nyquist rate, making it an attractive solution in the field of medical imaging, and has been extensively used for ultrasound (US) compression and sparse recovery. In practice, CS offers a reduction in data sensing, transmission, and storage. Compressive sensing relies on the sparsity of data; i.e., data should be sparse in original or in some transformed domain. A look at the literature reveals that rich variety of algorithms have been suggested to recover data using compressive sensing from far fewer samples accurately, but with tradeoffs for efficiency. This paper reviews a number of significant CS algorithms used to recover US images from the undersampled data along with the discussion of CS in 3D US images. In this paper, sparse recovery algorithms applied to US are classified in five groups. Algorithms in each group are discussed and summarized based on their unique technique, compression ratio, sparsifying transform, 3D ultrasound, and deep learning. Research gaps and future directions are also discussed in the conclusion of this paper. This study is aimed to be beneficial for young researchers intending to work in the area of CS and its applications, specifically to US.
Highlights
US imaging uses sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body
E beam-forming matrices use the Fourier transform as a sparsifying domain. e Compressive sensing (CS) matrix is created by taking the product of beam-forming matrix with Fourier matrix. e image is recovered directly from the revived signals using orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) for recovery. e experiments were done with half of the minimum needed sampling rate
NMSE, normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and structural similarity index (SSIM) results are compared for different algorithms
Summary
US imaging uses sound waves to produce images of the inside of the body. US is the most commonly used medical imaging modality for clinical diagnostics due to its diverse applications including cardiology, ophthalmology, pulmonology, nephrology, gynecology, urology, angiology, and general abdominal imaging [1,2,3,4]. US imaging is the most often used modality by the physicians after radiography [4], as it is noninvasive, inexpensive, highly portable, and manipulable in medical diagnostics [6, 7]. It has strong connectivity and the ability to diagnose on-site in real time. US transducer transmits the ultrasonic waves on region of interest to be scanned. E reflected back waves are transformed to electrical signals by the transducer piezoelectric crystal and are further processed to form an image.
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