Abstract
Financial liquidity and profitability are two critical phenomena present in the financial economy of a company, whose relations depend on each other and may course in different directions. At the same time, they are an example of the complexity of the problem, which demands a proper approach, allowing one to reconcile two opposing objectives of any enterprise, i.e., maximizing the benefits for the owners and minimizing the risk of losing financial liquidity. Until now, the relationship between liquidity and profitability has not been examined explicitly, using multidimensional methods in particular. Nevertheless, the links between profitability and financial liquidity maintenance ensure the sustainable development of enterprises in different branches. This paper formulates two aims: scientific and practical. The scientific one concerns adopting the canonical variate analysis method to visualize the differences and relationships between food industry companies regarding financial liquidity and profitability. The practical one relates to indicating the relationship between financial liquidity and profitability in different groups of food industry companies. To study the relationships between the selected groups of enterprises and describe them, the liquidity and profitability ratios were utilized, involving canonical variate analysis based on transformation by linear combination and singular value decomposition. The analysis found that the most important feature highlighting the group of the examined entities regarding financial liquidity was the cash conversion cycle. The research results showed the existence of multidirectional relationships between liquidity and profitability. The research indicates that they depend on indicators describing financial dependencies and the industries in which they operate. This led to a much deeper and broader interpretation of the assessment of the financial situation of companies to support their sustainable development.
Highlights
The negative relationship between liquidity and profitability was shown by Kobika [13], who carried out a study on the example of manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka
The individual distribution of discriminatory scoring frequencies in the first and second canonical variables, which together consider the total variability for groups of corporations, clearly shows that meat enterprises overlap with two others on both axes
In order to achieve the goal expressed in this way, a canonical variate analysis was used, based on a comparison of financial indicators that characterize the surveyed entities in the area of profitability and financial liquidity
Summary
The ability to continue operations and the possibility of sustainable development is especially important in food industry enterprises, as they contribute to food security and human health and, generate positive effects in terms of the rational energy-oriented development of raw materials supplied from agriculture. It indirectly generates positive external effects in terms of biological diversity, energy, climate, and environment [1]. Profitability must be pursued within the framework of liquidity security
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