Application of a mathematics-based STEM module to gifted students: a fire escape design

Structural steel has been used to make building structures higher and wider than that constructed with conventional structural materials such as concrete, brick, etc since 1960’s in Korea. But the steel structure has fatal demerits. One is the deteriation of structural performance when exposed to severe fire and the other is rusting. The structural behavior has to be sustained during unexpected fire and this can be done by fire design. The fire design consists of two methods. One is prescriptive and the other is performance-base fire engineering design. Recently, the fire engineering design has become a reasonable alternative against the prescriptive method in the world. But the fire engineering method is now preparing for adoption into Korea building regulation. The main purpose of this paper is to build the databases of fire resistant and limiting temperatures of beams made of H-section and the results from fire tests under loadings showed that the corelations between the limiting temperatures and load ratios applied were in reverse proportion.

Many approaches to the transfer problem argue that transfer depends on the recognition of the same or similar abstract structure in 2 different situations. However, mainstream cognitive perspectives and contrasting Piagetian constructivist accounts differ in their conceptualizations of structure. These differences, not clearly articulated in the literature, have significant implications for accounts of transfer. Using interview data involving undergraduates learning elementary principles of probability and statistics, and Wagner's (2006) transfer-in-pieces perspective, I extend existing constructivist accounts of transfer in at least 2 ways. First, I show how the notion of a concept projection (diSessa & Wagner, 2005; Wagner, 2006) reveals fine-grained mechanisms of transfer that demonstrate how people structure situations and that elaborate on the Piagetian processes of assimilation and accommodation. Second, I examine how what experts consider a single mathematical concept or principle may come to be recognized through a variety of assimilatory cognitive resources whose usefulness is influenced by contextual factors. That is, an individual might structure 2 contextually dissimilar situations differently while perceiving the same mathematical principle at work in both. Similarly, 2 or more individuals may agree on the relevance of a particular mathematical concept in a situation, even though each structures the situation differently.

The purpose of this research is to identify the difficulties encountered by students in solving higher-order thinking Skill (HOTS) questions, considering their mathematical communication abilities. This research employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and a case study research design. The subjects of this study are 25 eighth-grade students from SMP Negeri 3 Palu. Three students were selected to represent the high, medium, and low categories of mathematical communication abilities, allowing for an analysis of their difficulties in solving HOTS questions. The research instruments include a mathematical communication ability test, a HOTS question test, and interview guidelines. Data analysis consists of data collection, data reduction, and conclusion. The study results indicate that students with high mathematical communication abilities experience difficulties in question C6, particularly in applying mathematical principles. Meanwhile, students with medium mathematical communication abilities need help in question C5, which involves the application of mathematical principles, as well as in question C6, where they struggle with applying concepts and solving verbal problems. On the other hand, students with low mathematical communication abilities encounter difficulties in questions C4 and C6, which require the application of mathematical concepts and principles and solving verbal problems. Developing students' critical thinking skills and mathematical literacy can mitigate these difficulties. Students can better grasp mathematical concepts by applying analysis and evaluation in critical thinking. Additionally, engaging in interpretation within mathematical literacy can enhance their ability to solve verbal problems more effectively.

Structural Fire Engineering provides comprehensive and practical design guidance on the application of structural fire engineering to specialist structural engineers.The chapters provide an insight into the explanation of the structural fire engineering design process, its position within the regulatory system and guidance on the selection of appropriate partial factors for the fire limit state for variations in material properties and loading.The book places structural fire engineering design procedures within a context and framework which will be familiar to many readers. The information on standard methods of test and assessment and their function within the regulatory framework provides a broader perspective to the design standards.Structural Fire Engineering: provides a unique approach to practical design guidance highlights the Eurocode standards in the context of fire engineering design and conformity to the requirements of the regulations demonstrates the options for design through several worked examples incorporates over 80 illustrations to complement the text provides guidance on the UK National Annexes for Eurocodes Structural Fire Engineering is invaluable reading for practising structural engineers, fire safety engineers, structural fire engineers, students and those who teach advanced fire design.

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the methodology underpinning the structural fire engineering design process. Structural fire engineering design consists of three basic components: choosing an appropriate design fire, using this information to derive the temperatures of the structural elements and assessing the structural behaviour with respect to the temperatures derived. For each element of the structural fire engineering design process there are a number of options available to the designer depending on the complexity of the project, the state of knowledge with regard to the structural material chosen and the objectives of the fire engineering design strategy. Detailed information on the design methodology in this area is available in the Institution of Structural Engineers’ Guide to the Advanced Fire Safety Engineering of Structures (2007).

This study aimed to describe the Cognitive Elaboration Model Students In The Process Of Abstraction Concepts And Principles Of Mathematics Two-Dimensional Space In Class Xi Technique Las SMKN1 Curup. This study used a qualitative approach. The subjects were students of class XI Technique Las SMK 1 Curup. The main instrument is the researcher guided the students' abilities test sheets and sheets interview guide. Data were analyzed through three stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Decryption of students in the process of elaboration of the model abstraction mathematical concept of two-dimensional space:Model Recognizing; Students clearly recognize the shapes of two-dimensional space, students can understand the definition of a two-dimensional geometrical objects of a given two-dimensional space, and based on the information that the student has previously obtained. students can determine the objects that constitute the two-dimensional geometry and not the two-dimensional geometry. Students can find the principle of the wake - wake up a two-dimensional space and linking these results with the information stored in the memory of the student. Model Building With; Students can find the relationships of concepts and principles of two-dimensional geometry by analyzing the images of objects are two-dimensional geometry. Model Contracting; Concepts students know what to use, and to know the students visualize concepts, and sketched a two-dimensional object space of the existing problems, in solving the problems associated with the incorporation of mathematical principles contained in the concept, and the students' knowledge according to students' ability to recall concepts that have been held so mengasilkan an idea to solve the existing problems. Students are able to use the concepts and principles of mathematics in solving the problems that students are able to make conclusions from the results of the settlement. Students are able to explain or memperesentasikan his work.
 Keywords: Cognitive elaboration Model, Process Abstraction, Mathematics Concepts, Principles of Mathematics,.

An integrated structural and safety engineering approach to addressing fire and blast hazards on offshore oil and gas production facilities is discussed. This paper aims to demonstrate how to apply a risk based approach in practice and how it may yield significant savings and improvements in the design of safety systems. Using an integrated approach, only the credible fire and blast scenarios that are of structural significance need to be fully analyzed, using a consistent level of rigor for the hazard risk assessment and the structural response assessment. The paper discusses how, the simplicity of the integrated approach enables such studies to be undertaken relatively early on in the design process, when layout and structural configuration can still be influenced. Conclusions and observations from real case studies are presented and salient issues of industry importance are discussed. Introduction The demands of offshore construction continue to focus attention on improving health, safety and environmental (HSE) performance on offshore installations. This becomes particularly pertinent as production moves to the more remote, larger production units, which have greater production capacities and are located in deeper waters. In recent years considerable effort has been put into the development of more comprehensive guidance on the design of offshore installations to withstand fire and blast loads. This has resulted in the introduction of, for example, Section 18 of API RP2A 21st Edition, [1]. Work is still on-going on the production of a new stand alone API standard and on an updated version of the FABIG interim guidance notes, sponsored by UKOOA and the UK HSE. In the past, design of structures for fire and blast tended to be carried out to prescriptive standards i.e. specified design blast pressure/design fire duration. This often produced designs and mitigation measures, which were inappropriate for the actual fire and blast hazards associated with the facility. The latest trend is to move away from this type of rule based approach to a more risk based approach and guidance on how to achieve this is given in some of the latest standards. This paper presents an illustration of how these risk based techniques can be practically applied to real design situations. It is the author's opinion that this cannot be efficiently and effectively achieved without close cooperation between safety and structural engineers in the definition of those credible fire and blast hazards, which will govern the fire and blast design. The paper presents a relatively simple, integrated approach to fire and blast assessment, which may be undertaken early on in the design process when layout and structural configuration can still be influenced. The approach has also been successfully applied late in the design process and even post start-up, to optimize the requirement for mitigation provisions, which can have significant weight and cost penalties. Recent advances in computer software and hardware capabilities have meant that non-linear progressive collapse analyses can be undertaken relatively inexpensively, to assess structural response to severe load conditions.

Geometrical characteristics of externally venting flames: Assessment of fire engineering design correlations using medium-scale compartment-façade fire tests

In performance-based fire safety design for means of egress, t-squared heat release rates have been used as design fires. In order to estimate fire growth rates in office rooms, eleven full-scale fire experiments were conducted for typical office arrangements. They included cases with and without suppression. Typical office arrangements were modeled based on fuel load surveys in contemporary office buildings. The results of experiments clarified that: 1) fire growth in office rooms largely depends on the combustion of plastic materials, which are commonly used in office fuel packages; and 2) In the case of quick response sprinkler operation, HRRs continued to be approximately 200 kW during suppression. We estimated fire growth rates for all experimental cases by modeling the t-squared fires and examined the effects of parameters on fire growth rates. We compared the results of experiments with several design fires in the engineering design guidelines and discussed design fires for office buildings. Fire growth rates for office desk units range from 0.007 to 0.017 kW/s, that are close to the ‘medium’ fire growth in NFPA 92B. Heat release rate curves with suppression are almost included within the design fire that was proposed by Lougheed, even if only one sprinkler head was activated.

Heat transfer principles in thermal calculation of structures in fire

Uncertainties Associated with Tunnel Design Fire Scenarios

WISEngineering: Supporting precollege engineering design and mathematical understanding

This study investigates the impact of mathematics on enhancing innovation and improving the quality of modern engineering designs through the integration of advanced technological tools. The research aims to examine how mathematical principles and models contribute to fostering creativity in engineering problem-solving, how modern technologies facilitate the effective implementation of these models in design processes, and how an integrated framework combining mathematics and technology influences design accuracy, efficiency, and innovation. A quantitative research design was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 200 participants engaged in engineering design activities across various engineering disciplines. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analysis to explore relationships among key variables, including mathematics use, technology use, innovation level, and design quality. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between the application of mathematical models and innovation in engineering design, as well as a significant association between the use of technological tools and improved design quality. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the combined integration of mathematics and technology yields the highest levels of creativity, precision, and efficiency in engineering design outcomes.

The Effect of Critical Thinking on Making the Right Decisions in the New Venture Process

From the abstract of the whole treatise preceeding Part 1 of this paper (J. Eng. Des., 2000, vol. 11, no. 4, 377‐397) we recall that a stratification for the context of engineering design science was constructed, consisting of 5 levels, viz. general epistemology, engineering design epistemology, engineering design science, engineering design methodics and engineering design practice. The levels of general epistemology and of engineering design epistemology were briefly discussed, and a start was made in discussing the level of engineering design science proper, which would subsequently address I: The action subject of engineering design , II: The action object of engineering design, III: The action process of engineering design, and IV: Engineering design ontology. Part 1 ended with the discussion of 'The action subject of engineering design', so consequently Part 2 starts with discussing 'The action object of engineering design'. The next item, 'The engineering design process' is discussed from two aspects, viz. 'Engineering design phenomenology' and 'Engineering design methodology'. This item, 'The engineering design process' clearly forms the kernel of the paper. After two short paragraphs on 'Engineering design ontology' (belonging to engineering design science) and 'Engineering design methodics' (the tool kit of the engineering designer, but as such not belonging to engineering design science), the paper ends with a logical analysis of the relation between engineering design science and natural science, for which the metaphor of a Siamese Twin clearly presents itself.