Application and exploration of friction stir welding/processing in plastics industry

Chapter 13 - Joining of Polymers

Polypropylene biocomposites reinforced with softwood, abaca, jute, and kenaf fibers

Laser surface melting (LSM) and alloying (ISA) of type 304L stainless steel with molybdenum and tantalum have been studied for improvement of corrosion and wear-resistance properties. These properties were seen to be affected by the presence of δ-ferrite, produced by the high cooling rate in LSM, as well as by compositional modifications introduced in molybdenum and tantalum-alloyed LSA layers. Passivation and pitting-resistance properties were seen to be enhanced with increase in δ-ferrite content in LSM samples. Excellent corrosion properties were observed for the molybdenum-alloyed layer. The tantalum-alloyed layer had similar corrosion properties to those achieved with LSM of 304L. The improvement of abrasive wear resistance of the laser-processed samples with increase in hardness was found to be very small compared to the untreated alloy.

High interstitial austenitic stainless steels (HIS) contain approximately 18% chromium, 18% manganese and a combined carbon plus nitrogen content between 0.8 and 1.1%. They are non-magnetic and show outstanding mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. This paper presents test results of two newly developed non-magnetic high interstitial austenitic stainless steels with PREN of 28 and 36. Two variants were produced: a Fe18Cr18Mn0.85CN-HIS with 0.85% (C+N) ⇨ CN0.85A Fe18Cr18Mn1.1CN2.2Mo-HIS with 1.1% (C+N) and 2.2% Mo ⇨ CN1.1Mo Mechanical and corrosion properties were investigated in solution annealed condition. After solution annealing, both alloys possess fully austenitic microstructure without detrimental phases. They exhibit similar yield strength (> 600 MPa), elongation (> 60 %) and impact energy (> 350 J), while ultimate tensile strength is higher for FeCrMn1.1CN2.2Mo-HIS (> 980 MPa) than for FeCrMn0.85CN-HIS (> 930 MPa). FeCrMn1.1CN2.2Mo-HIS shows better pitting corrosion resistance and higher critical pitting temperature than FeCrMn0.85CN-HIS as well as higher pitting potential in 3.56 % NaCl at RT. The Morich variant did not display cracking or pitting after stress corrosion cracking test. The new nonmagnetic high interstitial austenitic stainless steels are promising grades for application in oil and gas industry due to their outstanding combination of high strength, good ductility and excellent corrosion properties.

ABSTRACTNi-Mo alloys containing 26–28 wt. pct. Mo are known for their excellent corrosion properties in reducing environments. When exposed to temperatures in the range 600°C to 800°C, however, these alloys undergo a longrrange ordering reaction from disordered fcc lattice to ordered Dla superlattice. This ordering phenomenon has been found to have detrimental effects on corrosion properties. Also, alloys based on the Ni-16Mo-16Cr system undergo a long range ordering reaction from disordered fcc lattice to ordered Pt2Mo-type superlattice in the temperature range of 400° to 600°C. However, in contrast to the case of Ni-Mo alloys, ordering in the Ni-Mo-Cr alloys has some beneficial effects on the aqueous corrosion properties. This difference in behavior between the Ni-Mo alloys and the Ni-Mo-Cr alloys is discussed interms of the ordering characteristics determined from transmission electron microscopy and diffraction, X-ray microanalysis in the scanning transmission electron microscope and Auger electron spectroscopy.

Electroless Codeposition of Ni-P Composite Coatings: Effects of Graphene and TiO2 on the Morphology, Corrosion, and Tribological Properties

Wieland-L49 has excellent cold working and corrosion properties. Its composition makeup gives it better protection to more severe atmospheres than other copper alloys. Although it does not have as good electrical and thermal properties as other copper alloys, it is used in more critical applications, such as circuit boards, because of its corrosion properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: CU-703. Producer or source: Wieland Metals Inc., Wieland-Werke AG.

Last developments in polymers for wearable energy storage devices

A comparative study between PVD-TiMgN and PVD-TiMgGdN sputtered coatings to evaluate the influence of Gd and its effect on the corrosion properties of the individual coatings

The present-day industries demand products with high surface finish and greater accuracy. EDM is the most sought operation in many industries for material removal, and the process is governed by many controlling parameters. To increase the process performance, optimization of process parameters is done. In the current study, the influence of process variables like “peak current (Ip), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), gap voltage (Vg), and Flushing Pressure (FP) on Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), and Surface Roughness (SR)” has been investigated for EDM of TiBT20 alloy. The work material possesses exotic mechanical properties and has diverse industrial applications in aerospace industries. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was used for the optimization of input parameters. “Analysis of variance (ANOVA)” was performed to analyse the impact of parameters on the output response. Grey Relational Analysis determines the preferable set of input variables for high MRR, low TWR, and SR. The confirmation test with the optimum set of process parameters shows an enhancement of 0.3128 in the preferred value. The most suitable set of process variables is Ip = 4 Amp, Ton = 100 µs, Toff = 15 µs Vg = 4 V, and FP = 0.1 (Kgf/cm2).

Polymer nanocomposites with carbon fillers are widely used for electrical, mechanical and thermal applications due to their excellent intrinsic properties along with their light weight. Carbon fillers with higher aspect ratio have limitations of higher agglomeration and non-uniform distribution in polymer matrix due to high vander Waals forces acting between them and also due to lack of compatibility between polymer and filler. This results in poor properties of the fabricated composites, hence limiting their application. With proper selection of processing method and optimization of processing parameters, mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites can be improved. Functionalization of carbon fillercan enhance the compatibility of filler and the polymer matrix, which can further increase the mechanical properties like tensile strength and young’s modulus. This can result in polymer nanocomposites which may have the result in substitution of metals in various applications. This paper reviews about effect of various processing techniques used for dispersion and fabrication of composites and functionalization of filler which can improvemechanical properties of fabricated nanocomposites.

Properties of rapid arc discharge plasma nitriding of AISI 420 martensitic stainless: effect of nitriding temperatures

The study of laser assisted metal and polymer joining has been conducted to identify the mechanism of the hybrid joint. The bonding mechanism has been revealed to be due to the expansion pressure of pyrolysis fragments. Previous research has dealt with superficial factors without consideration of the polymer thermal decomposition phenomenon, which is the major factor of the joining strength. With experiments and simple chemical analysis for simple structured polymers this paper presents the quantitative relationship among the joint strength, the expansion pressure, the gas fragment composition, and the molecular structure. To verify the relation of the joint strength and the polymer molecular structure, the results were analysed and compared with the results of previous studies. Correlation of the quantified joint strength and the quantified expansion pressure and the monomer yield is also defined. The results confirm that the joint strength is correlated with the polymer structure.

PurposeThis paper aims to present a review of the NPE 2006, Plastics Show held in Chicago, IL with emphasis on robots, their application in the plastics industry and end‐of‐arm‐tooling.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews with suppliers of robots, injection molding machines, system integration of robots into plastic processing applications, control suppliers and end‐of‐arm‐tooling.FindingsThe plastic injection molding industry is moving to production cells with heavy usage of robot machine tending. The need for very short cycle times drives the interest in very fast agile robots with the ability to integrate easily into the production cell approach. New technologies such as in mold labeling also drive the need for suitable robots and competent system integrators to supply successful systems.Practical implicationsRobot builders need to continue to develop specialized robots and tooling to match with advancements in applications in the plastic industry. Users will need to think of robots as a necessary adjunct to any injection molding application.Originality/valuePresents a review of the NPE 2006, Plastics Show, Chicago, IL, with emphasis on robots, their application in the plastics industry and end‐of‐arm‐tooling.

Mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr-Mn biodegradable alloy by hot extrusion