Abstract
Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Here, we investigated the effects of apigeninin inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Apigenin effectively inhibited ulcerative colitis, a type of IBD, and CAC. Apigenin decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory cytokine and COX-2 levels, and it attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in treated colon tissues as compared to untreated model colon tissues. Apigenin also reduced NF-κB and STAT3 activity in vitro and in vivo, thereby inhibiting inflammation and inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Thus apigenin appears to inhibit inflammation and inflammation-induced carcinogenesisin IBD and CAC by suppressing STAT3-NF-κB signaling.
Highlights
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), a naturally-occurring plant flavone present in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects [1]
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammatory cytokines contribute to the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment [7, 8]
Disease activity index (DAI) values were lower in the apigenin group than in the model group, which was consistent with the observed effects on bodyweight (Figure 1C)
Summary
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), a naturally-occurring plant flavone present in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects [1]. The anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin have been extensively investigated [2, 3]. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disease affecting millions of people, and its incidence increases rapidly every year [4]. Accumulating evidence indicates that colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is strongly associated with IBD [5, 6]. In IBD, inflammatory cytokines contribute to the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment [7, 8]. Chronicinflammation increases the risk of CAC, which often leads to death; CAC is regarded a serious complication of IBD [9, 10].
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