Abstract
The Philaenus spumarius L. (Hemiptera Aphrophoridae) is a xylem-sap feeder vector that acquires Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 during feeding on infected plants. The bacterium is the plant pathogen responsible for olive quick decline syndrome that has decimated olive trees in Southern Italy. Damage originates mainly from the insect vector attitude that multiplies the pathogen potentialities propagating Xf in time and space. The principal action to manage insect-borne pathogens and to contain the disease spread consists in vector and transmission control. The analysis of an innovative and sustainable integrated pest management quantitative strategy that targets the vector and the infection by combining chemical and physical control means demonstrates that it is possible to stop the Xylella invasion. This review updates the available topics addressing vectors’ identification, bionomics, infection management, and induced disease by Xylella invasion to discuss major available tools to mitigate the damage consequent to the disease.
Highlights
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Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al, 1987 (Xf) [1] is a xylem-restricted “fastidious” bacterium that lives in plant xylem and foregut vector lumina [2,3,4] of some xylem-feeders auchenorrhynchan [5]
Some phytopathological characteristics related to Xf are due to the ability of the bacterium to acquire DNA from the environment through horizontal transfer [6]
Summary
Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al, 1987 (Xf) [1] is a xylem-restricted “fastidious” bacterium that lives in plant xylem and foregut vector lumina [2,3,4] of some xylem-feeders auchenorrhynchan [5]. The genetic diversity of Xf strains allows them to infect several plants species but rarely diseasing them lethally. Xylella fastidiosa is an exotic pathogen introduced in Europe by the trade of asymptomatic coffee plants from Costa Rica [17]. Schaad et al [18] proposed three Xf subspecies: Xylella fastidiosa subsp. 2 of 25 2 of 25 piercei (type strain ATCC 35879T, causing grape Pierce’s disease); Xylella fastidiosa subsp. The damage is more relevant in a vector–pathogen interplay than the damage eventually due to the Aphrophoridae or the Xf alone
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