Abstract
<List><ListItem><ItemContent> • Identification of bacteriocin sources </ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemContent> • Classification of bacteriocins </ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemContent> • Antiviral pathways of bacteriocins </ItemContent></ListItem></List> The COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of people being infected and thousands of deaths globally since November 2019. To date, no unique therapeutic agent has been developed to slow the progression of this pandemic. Despite possessing antiviral traits the potential of bacteriocins to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully investigated. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19. These antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as effective antiviral therapeutics and therapeutic supplements to prevent rapid virus transmission. This review also provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns. In addition, the possible applications of antimicrobial peptides through both natural and induced mechanisms in infection prevention perspectives on changeable virulence cases are comprehensively analyzed. Specific attention is given to the antiviral mechanisms of the molecules along with their integrative use with synthetic biology and nanosensor technology for rapid detection. Novel bacteriocin based therapeutics with cutting-edge technologies might be potential substitutes for existing time-consuming and expensive approaches to fight this newly emerged global threat.
Highlights
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected 221 countries with about 20.27 million confirmed cases and nearly 2.87 million deaths with 100.6 million active infected cases globally since December 2019[1] and is caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)[2]
This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19
This review provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns
Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected 221 countries with about 20.27 million confirmed cases and nearly 2.87 million deaths with 100.6 million active infected cases globally since December 2019[1] and is caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)[2]. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) synthesized from ribosomes that function against closely- to distantly-related microorganisms[7,8] Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some archaea have been reported to be capable of producing these peptides[7], especially the probiotic microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria (LABORATORY) that synthesize a wide variety of bacteriocins. These cationic peptides possess a broad spectrum of activities including antibiotic, antiviral, anticancer, and spermicidal activities[9]. The prospects for antimicrobial bioactive components against coronavirus along with the integration of several stateof-the-art technologies including nanosensor technology are discussed
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