Antisocial Behavior in Soccer Players: Using an Integrated Mediation Model of Personal Control and Social Learning Theory

Abstract

ObjectiveWe aim to explore antisocial behavior in sports using an integrated criminological framework that includes self‐control theory, control balance theory, and social learning theory.MethodsA total of three‐hundred and ninety‐seven (n = 397) professional soccer players in Iran were surveyed.ResultsStructural equation modeling was used to assess these data, with results indicating that antisocial behavior occurs via a process of learning. The concepts of differential associations, differential reinforcement, imitation, and definitions all emerged as important factors in the development of antisocial behaviors.ConclusionWhile prosocial behaviors represent a basic requirement of sports, the presence was antisocial behaviors remains prevalent. The employment of integrated criminological theory can serve as an effective means to measure and explain antisocial behavior using a sample of Iranian soccer players. This study indicates that antisocial behaviors are learned through social interactions and therefore policy remedies must focus on the social dynamics that drive these negative behaviors.