Abstract
The scattering background in large-area X-ray fluorescence analysis (more than one square centimeter) has been greatly reduced by using highly polarized X-rays and by inserting a collimator plate between the sample and the detector.
Highlights
X-ray uorescence (XRF) has been used for several decades to detect trace-level contaminants in environmental samples[1,2] and industrial products.[3,4] It is a promising probe for directly inspecting the behavior of trace elements in biological tissues.[5,6] In these studies, the signal of uorescence X-rays from the target trace elements was weak, whereas the background of scattering X-rays from the entire sample matrix was much stronger
We propose the insertion of a collimator plate between the sample and detector
The probing area on the sample was 13.3 Â 13.3 mm, making it convenient to survey trace elements dispersed in large-area environmental samples and industrial products
Summary
X-ray uorescence (XRF) has been used for several decades to detect trace-level contaminants in environmental samples[1,2] and industrial products.[3,4] It is a promising probe for directly inspecting the behavior of trace elements in biological tissues.[5,6] In these studies, the signal of uorescence X-rays from the target trace elements was weak, whereas the background of scattering X-rays from the entire sample matrix was much stronger. To increase the signal-to-background ratio (SBR), a general method is to perform experiments using linearly polarized X-rays.[7,8,9,10,11] In this case, the sample-to-detector distance has to be increased greatly to ensure that the detector is still roughly in the polarization direction with respect to every part on the sample. When the radius of the capillaries is at the micron level, the length of the capillaries, i.e., the thickness of the collimator plate, can be 1 mm In this way, the sample-to-detector distance can be as short as 2 to 3 mm. As all detected scattering X-rays are always guided by the capillaries, the probing area on the sample has no size limitation as long as the collimator plate and XRF detector are large enough. The possible amount of reduction of the scattering intensity is discussed
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