Abstract
Antioxidative peptides were produced from false abalone (Volutharpa ampullacea perryi) using enzymatic hydrolysis. Trypsin produced the most bioactive hydrolysates with the highest scavenging ABTS+• free radicals compared to pepsin, alcalase, neutrase, and flavourzyme. The response surface methodology studies on trypsin hydrolysis indicated that the hydrolysis temperature, time, and pH were interacted with each other (p < 0.05), and the optimal conditions were hydrolysis at 51.8 °C for 4.1 h, pH 7.7 and the maximum predicted hydrolysis degree was 13.18% and ABTS+• scavenging activity of 79.42%. The optimized hydrolysate was subjected to ultrafiltration fractionation, and the fraction with MW < 3 kDa showed the highest ABTS+• scavenging activity. There were 193 peptide sequences identified from this peptide fraction and 133 of them were successfully docked onto human myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme involved in forming reactive oxidants in vivo. The highest scored peptide, no. 39, consists of DTETGVPT. Its structure and molecular interactions with MPO active site were compared with previously characterized peptide hLF1-11. The interactions between peptide no. 39 and MPO include electrostatic charge, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds. The antioxidative peptide produced in this research may exert antioxidant activity in vivo due to its potential inhibition effect on MPO.
Highlights
Compared with pacific abalone (Haliotis discus), which is a highly valued marine shellfish, the false abalone (Volutharpa ampullacea perryi), another deep-sea snail gastropod, is much cheaper but of similar appearance and nutrition value to that of Haliotis discus [1]
Proteolytic enzymes break down peptide bonds to produce protein hydrolysates, which consist of peptides and amino acids
The false abalone hydrolysates produced from proteolytic enzymes have antioxidant properties
Summary
Compared with pacific abalone (Haliotis discus), which is a highly valued marine shellfish, the false abalone (Volutharpa ampullacea perryi), another deep-sea snail gastropod, is much cheaper but of similar appearance and nutrition value to that of Haliotis discus [1]. False abalone is abundantly found in the North Pacific, especially some coasts of China and Japan, where it is consumed as food [2]. Its edible parts contain approximately 50% protein (dry weight) [3], which makes it a potential resource. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 116; doi:10.3390/md17020116 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 116 for developing bioactive peptides to increase its commercial value. Marine-derived peptides have been well studied to be used as bioactive components in functional foods or nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Bioactive peptides produced from false abalone are rarely reported
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