Abstract
The aim of this paper was to obtain different extracts from the aerial parts of Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, comparing traditional extraction (using solvents with increasing polarity such as hexane, ethanol 80%, acetone 70% and water) with an eco-friendly technique (supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)); to evaluate which extract showed a higher amount of antioxidants and then evaluate the bioactive properties in vitro, in human fibroblast (HS68). From the six extracts obtained it was observed that the solvent with the highest extraction efficiency was water, but the extracts in ethanol, N-hexane and SFE are those that showed the highest antioxidant activity (polyphenols, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power). On the basis of these results, the SFE extract was chosen to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-aging activity in vitro, by assessing cell vitality and molecular markers (MTT and immunoblotting assays). The results showed that the SFE extract exerted antioxidant activity in vitro, protecting cells from mortality induced by oxidative stress; this protection was also confirmed at the molecular level, by the levels of the protein integrin -1, that is able to prevent the negative effects of a stress situation, such as oxidative stress, that could promote aging and related diseases. This extract, obtained with an eco-friendly technique, given its beneficial properties, could be used for application in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Highlights
Halophytes, that include more than 2500 species worldwide, are known to tolerate and grow in high salt concentration environments
Sci. 2020, 10, 2374 effects [3,4,5]. These are produced in plant cells to prevent the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) synthesized during environmental stress, which would otherwise be detrimental to tissues [5]
Control: cellscells maintained inFigure standard cultureof conditions; HP: cells μM); AOX/HP: treated in standard culture conditions; HP: cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide μM); AOX/HP: cells with 10 μg/mL of M. nodiflorum Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and exposed to HP (10 μM). β actin was used as internal control
Summary
Halophytes, that include more than 2500 species worldwide, are known to tolerate and grow in high salt concentration environments. Species belonging to the genus Mesembryanthemum, which are facultative halophytes, have the ability to grow under saline stress conditions, and without salt or at least in an environment where the salt concentration in the soil is quite low [1,2]. Sci. 2020, 10, 2374 effects [3,4,5]. These are produced in plant cells to prevent the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) synthesized during environmental stress, which would otherwise be detrimental to tissues [5]
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