Abstract
For the full use of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorous niphonius) muscle to produce antioxidant peptides, the proteins of Spanish mackerel muscle were separately hydrolyzed under five kinds of enzymes and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and antioxidant peptides were isolated from the protein hydrolysate using ultrafiltration and multiple chromatography methods. The results showed that the hydrolysate (SMPH) prepared using in vitro GI digestion showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (27.45 ± 1.76%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (52.58 ± 2.68%) at the concentration of 10 mg protein/mL among the six protein hydrolysates, and 12 peptides (SMP-1 to SMP-12) were prepared from SMPH. Among them, SMP-3, SMP-7, SMP-10, and SMP-11 showed the higher DPPH radical scavenging activities and were identified as Pro-Glu-Leu-Asp-Trp (PELDW), Trp-Pro-Asp-His-Trp (WPDHW), and Phe-Gly-Tyr-Asp-Trp-Trp (FGYDWW), and Tyr-Leu-His-Phe-Trp (YLHFW), respectively. PELDW, WPDHW, FGYDWW, and YLHFW showed high scavenging activities on DPPH radical (EC50 1.53, 0.70, 0.53, and 0.97 mg/mL, respectively), hydroxyl radical (EC50 1.12, 0.38, 0.26, and 0.67 mg/mL, respectively), and superoxide anion radical (EC50 0.85, 0.49, 0.34, and 1.37 mg/mL, respectively). Moreover, PELDW, WPDHW, FGYDWW, and YLHFW could dose-dependently inhibit lipid peroxidation in the linoleic acid model system and protect plasmid DNA (pBR322DNA) against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in the tested model systems. In addition, PELDW, WPDHW, FGYDWW, and YLHFW could retain their high activities when they were treated under a low temperature (<60 °C) and a moderate pH environment (pH 5–9). These present results indicate that the protein hydrolysate, fractions, and isolated peptides from Spanish mackerel muscle have strong antioxidant activity and might have the potential to be used in health food products.
Highlights
Food nutrition is intricately linked with human health because they can provide the necessary bioactive substances and cause specific physiological responses in the human body [1]
There has been an explosion of scientific research on the topic of bioactive peptides, which display a broad scope of functions beyond basic nutritional benefits, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, metal-chelation, cytomodulatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, and opiate activities [1,5,6]
The defatted Spanish mackerel muscles were separately hydrolyzed under five kinds of enzymes and in vitro GI digestion
Summary
Food nutrition is intricately linked with human health because they can provide the necessary bioactive substances and cause specific physiological responses in the human body [1]. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 531 biological nutrients, food proteins, hydrolysates, and peptides are believed to the most well researched biomolecules [1,2]. Bioactive peptides are encrypted in the protein sequences and released by the hydrolysis action of proteases or fermentation [3,4]. There has been an explosion of scientific research on the topic of bioactive peptides, which display a broad scope of functions beyond basic nutritional benefits, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, metal-chelation, cytomodulatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, and opiate activities [1,5,6]. Bioactive peptides have attracted a high amount of interest from researchers and consumers because of their huge potential of serving as functional components applied in foods and other dietary supplements [3,7]
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