Abstract
The hydrolysate of golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) was prepared by using papain, and then, it was further separated by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The peptide components of the active fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and then two novel peptides, SeP2 (DVEDLEAGLAK, 1159.27 Da) and SeP5 (EITSLAPSTM, 1049.22 Da), were obtained and displayed significant alleviation effects on oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Studies indicated that S. esculenta antioxidant peptides (SePs) increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity but reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levelsin oxidation-damaged nematodes. Using transgenic CF1553 nematodes, the sod-3p::GFP expression in the worms treated with SePs was significantly higher than that of the control nematodes. Real-time PCR also demonstrated that the expression of stress-related genes such as sod-3 is up-regulated by SePs. Furthermore, studies showed that SePs could obviously decrease fat accumulation as well as reduce the elevated ROS and MDA levels in high-fat nematodes. Taken together, these results indicated that SePs are capable of the activation of antioxidant defense and the inhibition of free radicals and lipid peroxidation, play important roles in attenuating oxidative stress and fat accumulation in C. elegans, and might have the potential to be used in nutraceutical and functional foods.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), superoxide anions (O2 -), and hydroxyl radical (OH) are produced inevitably in aerobic organisms, and subsequent processing via the antioxidant defense system is a highly complex and delicately balanced process [1,2]
The 3 kDa ultrafiltration fractions were recovered through an ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 3 kDa
These results are supported by previous studies; that is, low MW enzymatic hydrolysate reacts with free radicals and terminates the free radical chain reaction [27]
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), superoxide anions (O2 -), and hydroxyl radical (OH) are produced inevitably in aerobic organisms, and subsequent processing via the antioxidant defense system is a highly complex and delicately balanced process [1,2]. ROS destroys the homeostasis with the cellular antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative stress, and the results of redox imbalance are often associated with damage to a wide range of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [3,4]. The damaging effects of excessive ROS could be reduced by intracellular antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutases (SODs), glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), and catalases (CATs), as well as some non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules such as glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and E [5,6].
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