Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the phytochemical profile as well as in vitro antioxidant, iron-chelating, and antiglucosidase activities of Typha domingensis Pers. (Typhaceae) Methods: Total polyphenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and pro-anthocyanidins in the respective aqueous extracts of male and female flowers, and fruit of T. domingensis were determined by established procedures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Iron chelating activity was assessed using a ferrozine-based assay. Antiglucosidase activity was determined using 4-nitrophenyl -D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Results: Phenolic contents decreased in the following order: fruit > female flower > male flower. Superoxide scavenging half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of fruit, female flower and male flower extracts was 3.5, 4.8, and 28.2 mg dry matter (DM)/ml, respectively, while nitric oxide scavenging EC50 of fruit, female flower and male flower extracts was 0.16, 0.65, and 0.95 mg DM/ml, respectively. On the other hand, iron chelating EC50 of female flower, male flower and fruit extracts was 4.86, 6.43, and 10.88 mg DM/ml, respectively. Only the fruit and female flower extracts exhibited anti-glucosidase activity, with EC50 of 0.75 and 5.07 mg DM/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The fruit and female flower extracts of T. domingensis are promising sources of natural antioxidants, iron chelators, and glucosidase inhibitors.
Highlights
The fruits and inflorescences of several Typha species are traditionally used to treat wounds and bleeding in different regions of the world [1,2]
It was hypothesized that the wound-healing effect of the female inflorescence of T. domingensis is due to the antioxidant activity of its phenolic constituents [3]
Total polyphenol (TP), Total flavonoid (TF), Total hydroxycinnamic acid (TH), and Total proanthocyanidin (TPR) contents of the extracts decreased in the following order: fruit > female flower > male flower (Table 1)
Summary
The fruits and inflorescences of several Typha species are traditionally used to treat wounds and bleeding in different regions of the world [1,2]. The extract of female inflorescence of T. domingensis Pers. Has been shown to promote wound healing in mice and rats, but the extract of male inflorescence was ineffective [3]. It was hypothesized that the wound-healing effect of the female inflorescence of T. domingensis is due to the antioxidant activity of its phenolic constituents [3]. Little is known about the antioxidant potential of the female and male flower extracts of T. domingensis, neither have their antioxidant activities been compared. Two other pharmacological properties of T. domingensis that are underexplored are iron chelating and glucosidase inhibitory activities. Iron chelators are used as therapeutic agents in the management of iron-related diseases [4]. The administration of -glucosidase inhibitors is one of the strategies for managing type 2 diabetes. Glucosidase inhibitors can retard glucose absorption from the small intestine, which in turn decreases the post-prandial rise in blood glucose levels [5]
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