Abstract
Phycobiliprotein-containing water and carotenoid-containing methanolic extracts of three different cyanobacteria, Pseudanabaena sp., Spirulina sp. and Lyngbya sp., were studied for their DPPH scavenging, iso-bolographic studies, and anti-nephrolithe activities. The best EC50 values for DPPH scavenging were in Lyngbya water (LW, 18.78 ± 1.57 mg·mg−1 DPPH) and Lyngbya methanol (LM, 59.56 ± 37.38 mg·mg−1 DPPH) extracts. Iso-bolographic analysis revealed most of the combinations of extracts were antagonistic to each other, although LM—Spirulina methanol (SM) 1:1 had the highest synergistic rate of 86.65%. In vitro digestion studies showed that DPPH scavenging activity was considerably decreased in all extracts except for Pseudanabaena methanol (PM) and LM after the simulated digestion. All of the extracts were effective in reducing the calcium oxalate crystal size by nearly 60%–65% compared to negative control, while PM and Spirulina water (SW) extracts could inhibit both nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate by nearly 60%–80%.
Highlights
Microalgae are ecumenical, photosynthetic, prokaryotic organisms found in diverse habitats and extreme environmental conditions covering both aquatic and terrestrial territories [1]
Phycobiliproteins and carotenoids, respectively, are water- and lipid-soluble pigments, polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates which can be used as emulsifiers, polyhydroxyalkanoates are a group of compounds which can be used as biodegradable plastics, while biocides are anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral or even anti-algal compounds
The aim of this study is to investigate the free radical scavenging activities of water and methanolic extracts of three chosen cyanobacterial strains and to observe the synergistic effects when these extracts are mixed with each other in different proportions
Summary
Microalgae are ecumenical, photosynthetic, prokaryotic organisms found in diverse habitats and extreme environmental conditions covering both aquatic and terrestrial territories [1]. Estimates have calculated the productivity of microalgae within a range of one-third to more than half of the global primary productivity [2,3] They have the capacity to adjust in varying adverse environmental conditions. Being such prolific organisms, they are a storehouse of various commercially important and beneficial compounds like phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and biocides [4,5,6,7,8]. Water-soluble phycobiliproteins and lipo-soluble carotenoids play a key role in light harvesting and protection from photo-oxidative stress These compounds have been center of attraction due to their natural antioxidant potential with outstanding properties to fight against oxidative stress, cancer, aging, and other degenerative diseases [10,11,12]
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