Abstract
Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is a traditional sweetener in most sugarcane regions of the world. In Colombia, this product has a socio-economic importance due to the extensive cultivation area and the high consumption rate per capita. NCS traditional processing involves consecutive stages of thermal processing that begin with juice extraction, clarification, evaporation, and finish with syrup crystallization into a solid commercial product, identified as NCS. Sugarcane is known to have a natural content of polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and complex sugars, some of which are reported as antioxidant and antiproliferative agents thought to be responsible for the product’s bioactive profile. There is evidence to suggest that traditional thermal processing to obtain NCS leads to a considerable decrease in the contents of these bioactive compounds, mainly due to uncontrolled process variables such as temperature. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the bioactivity of sugarcane (SC) derivatives produced under controlled thermal conditions versus the traditional method. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of varying concentrations of SC derivatives in an in vitro induced Parkinson’s model. Results demonstrate non-cytotoxic activity on the cellular model by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and LDH assays, even at the highest tested concentration of 8 mg/mL, for all SC derivatives. The effect of SC derivatives on the induced oxidative stress model showed a biological reversion and recovering effect of the mitochondrial membrane potential and a halting of the progress into the early apoptosis phase. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the bioactive compounds present in SC derivatives obtained by a process under controlled temperature conditions are largely preserved, and even their biological activities are enhanced compared with SC derivatives obtained by the traditional thermal evaporation of SC-juice.
Highlights
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most harvested crops in the world due to its nutritional value and versatility as a raw material for the food industry
Over the past five years, we have been working on the development of technical strategies that significantly improve the traditional production processes where we designed and implemented technologies, such as the Ward-Cimpa chamber, that exhibit high energetic performance under controlled operation conditions [15,16]
This has propelled a tendency to use botanicals as a source of such supplements. This is because numerous recent reports have demonstrated that plants are rich in molecules with potential antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-infection, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects
Summary
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most harvested crops in the world due to its nutritional value and versatility as a raw material for the food industry. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1040 can be transformed into a variety of end-products to address a wide range of markets It is harvested on approximately 26 million hectares distributed among more than 90 countries around the globe. NCS is the technical term used by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to refer to a nonrefined, solid product minimally processed, obtained from the thermal evaporation of SC-juice [1,2]. Due to their sweetening properties, sugarcane (SC) derivatives have made it to the table of numerous consumers in North America and Europe. Colombia is the largest NCS consumer per capita worldwide as well as the second largest producer worldwide after India, with 1.098 millions of tons/year [4,5,6,7]
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