Abstract
Background and PurposeLeaves of Jacaranda decurrens are used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat metabolic diseases related to increased reactive oxygen species. The present study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata.Experimental ApproachPhenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins were evaluated in an ethanol∶water (80∶20, v/v) extract from the leaves of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata (E-Jds). The antioxidant activity of E-Jds was investigated by assessing the following: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity; protection against 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes; in vitro and in vivo malondialdehyde dosage; and the ability to activate antioxidant enzymes. K562 leukemia cells were used for the cytotoxic evaluation of E-Jds and for the assessment of the cell death profile through flow cytometry.Key ResultsPhenolic and flavonoid compounds were quantified as 14.38% and 2.15%, respectively, of E-Jds. These phenolic and flavonoid compounds proved to be able to scavenge DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 9.3±3.3 µg/mL, to protect up to 50% of erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis and to reduce in vitro and in vivo malondialdehyde levels up to 84% and 22%, respectively. E-Jds also increased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, with a concomitant decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity on K562 erythroleukemia cells with cell death occurring via both late apoptosis and necrosis.ConclusionsE-Jds exhibits in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential, which may be the mechanism mediating the metabolic activities reported in folk medicine. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity identified in this study contributes with the knowledge of antiproliferative activities that have been described in the literature for the genus Jacaranda.
Highlights
Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proenca (Bignoniaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as carobinha, carobinha-do-campo or caroba and is found in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
The cytotoxic activity identified in this study contributes with the knowledge of antiproliferative activities that have been described in the literature for the genus Jacaranda
Exogenous antioxidants are important for maintaining health; among them are the phenolic compounds [26] and flavonoids [27], which were quantified in E-Jds as being 14.3865 mg of gallic acid/100 mg of extract and 2.1563 mg of quercetin/100 mg of extract, respectively, representing a finding similar to that observed by Carvalho et al, [28] for the subspecies Jacaranda decurrens Cham
Summary
Jacaranda decurrens subsp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proenca (Bignoniaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as carobinha, carobinha-do-campo or caroba and is found in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the antioxidant capacity of several medicinal plants include the stabilization of the membrane potential, the sequestration of ROS/RNS and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation [8]. These activities have been attributed to biologically active plant components, such as vitamins and phenolic compounds [9]. Leaves of Jacaranda decurrens are used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat metabolic diseases related to increased reactive oxygen species. The present study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Jacaranda decurrens subsp. K562 leukemia cells were used for the cytotoxic evaluation of E-Jds and for the assessment of the cell death profile through flow cytometry
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