Abstract
Vernonia calvoana is an indigenous green leafy vegetable that grows around the Cameroons and the southern part of Nigeria. This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of V. calvoana inflorescents using the following methods: 1, 1 – diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2–azobis-3-ethyl benzothiolin-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), anti-lipid, superoxide, phosphomolybdate and ascorbic acid assay. The result showed significantly high saponins, alkaloids and polyphenols at (p<0.05). Oxalates, cyanates, phytates, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones were found in trace amounts. The assay indicated strong free radical scavenging activity, including ABTS, anti-lipid, superoxide, phosphomolybdate activities of the inflorescents. However, the percentage antioxidant capacity was low in the inflorescents using FRAP, whereas the antioxidant capacity increased with increase in concentration compared to the ascorbic acid standard. Moreover, the inflorescents were found to show stronger antioxidant activity (137.0+6.86) compared to ascorbic acid (79.44%).We therefore conclude that V. calvoana inflorescents could serve as source strong diatary antioxidants.Running Title: Vernonia calvoana inflorescents in CalabarKeywords: Vernonia calvoana, antioxidant activity and nutraceuticals
Highlights
Vernonia colvoana Hook F. is one of the green leafy vegetables consumed by inhabitants of the Cameroons and Nigeria where the plant grows
The results for the quantitative phytochemical screening is presented in table 1 while that of antioxidant activity of the inflorescent of Vernonia calvoana are presented in tables 2 to 5
ABTS showed a high antioxidant (137.0+6.86) in the Vernonia calvoana inflorescence when compared with the standard (51.20+0.06), the antilipid capacity indicate (112.90+4.44) while superoxide anion radical scavenging (87.42+10.60)
Summary
Vernonia colvoana Hook F. is one of the green leafy vegetables consumed by inhabitants of the Cameroons and Nigeria where the plant grows. Godwin Oju Igile, Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. 2,2-azobis-3-ethyl benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay: MATERIALS AND METHODS. 2,2-azobis-3-ethyl benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity was estimated using the method of Re et al (1999) with some slight modifications. The determination were done in triplicate, n-butanol was added to the mixture It was vortexed and incubated for 60min in water bath. An aliquot of 0.1ml of varying concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800μg/ml) of sample was added to 1ml of reagent (0.6MH2SO4, 0.028M sodium phosphate 0.004M ammonium phosphomolybdate) and incubated for 90min at 900C in a water bath. Data obtained from the in vitro antioxidant assay and phytochemical analyses are presented as mean + standard deviation
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