Abstract
Abstract Initially recognized in young women with teratoma who presented with psychosis and/or memory problems, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis can rapidly progress to severe neurologically mediated illness requiring intensive care. NMDAR encephalitis appears to have the most frequent incidence of paraneoplastic encephalitis. However, while most presentations of paraneoplastic encephalitis are poorly responsive to treatment, patients with antibody-mediated NMDAR encephalitis (first identified 2007) are more likely to respond to treatment. This chapter presents a case study and then discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of NMDAR encephalitis. While the majority of patients recover, roughly one-fourth of patients suffer long-lasting disabilities or mortality.
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