Abstract
BackgroundWound infection is one of the health problems that are caused and aggravated by the invasion of pathogenic organisms. Information on local pathogens and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, and topical agents like acetic acid is crucial for successful treatment of wounds.ObjectivesTo determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection and their sensitivity to alternative topical agents at Jimma University Specialized Hospital.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among patients with wound infection visiting Jimma University Specialized Hospital, from May to September 2013. Wound swab was collected using sterile cotton swabs and processed for bacterial isolation and susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and dabkin solution following standard bacteriological techniques. Biochemical tests were done to identify the species of the organisms. Sensitivity testing was done using Kirby- Baur disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration was done using tube dilution method.ResultsIn this study 145 bacterial isolates were recovered from 150 specimens showing an isolation rate of 87.3%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%). All isolates showed high frequency of resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline. The overall multiple drug resistance patterns were found to be 85%. Acetic acid (0.5%), Dabkin solution (1%) and 3% hydrogen peroxide were bactericidal to all isolated bacteria and lethal effect observed when applied for 10 minutes.ConclusionsOn in vitro sensitivity testing, ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline were the least effective. Gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics. Acetic acid (0.5%), dabkin solution (1%) and H2O2 (3%) were bactericidal to all isolates.
Highlights
The primary function of intact skin is to control microbial populations that live on the skin surface and to prevent underlying tissue from becoming colonized and invaded by potential pathogens [1].Exposure of subcutaneous tissue following a loss of skin integrity provides a moist, warm, and nutritious environment that is conducive to microbial colonization and proliferation
The prevalent organisms that have been associated with wound infection include Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which from various studies have been found to account for 20-40% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) 5-15% of the nosocomial infection, with infection mainly following surgery and burns
Study design and area A cross sectional study was conducted at Jimma University specialized hospital (JUSH), which is located 354 Km away from Addis Ababa, South West, Ethiopia, from May to September 2013
Summary
The primary function of intact skin is to control microbial populations that live on the skin surface and to prevent underlying tissue from becoming colonized and invaded by potential pathogens [1].Exposure of subcutaneous tissue following a loss of skin integrity (i.e. wound) provides a moist, warm, and nutritious environment that is conducive to microbial colonization and proliferation. Since wound colonization is most frequently poly-microbial, involving numerous microorganisms that are potentially pathogenic, any wound is at some risk of becoming infected [2]. The prevalent organisms that have been associated with wound infection include Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which from various studies have been found to account for 20-40% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) 5-15% of the nosocomial infection, with infection mainly following surgery and burns. Other pathogens such as Enterococci and members of the Enterobacteriaceae have been implicated, especially in immune compromised patients and following abdominal surgery [4]. Information on local pathogens and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, and topical agents like acetic acid is crucial for successful treatment of wounds
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