Abstract
A rapid review of current evidence examining psychological issues regarding the use of antibiotics and antimicrobials and resistance to these in both human and animal populations was conducted. Specific areas of interest were studies examining psychological determinants of AMR and interventions which attempt to change behavior with regard to AMR in the general population; animals; and fish, in particular. Although there is some evidence of the effectiveness of behavior change in general human populations, there is limited evidence in farmed animals, with a particular dearth in fish farming. We conclude there is an urgent need for more psychological research to identify major barriers and facilitators to change and evaluate the effectiveness of theory-based interventions aimed at reducing AM use in food production animals, including the promotion of alternatives to AMs, such as vaccination.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating risk to global health in both animals and humans, and progress to tackle its potential threat to life appears to be slow
Psychological Studies on AMR in People. Studies included in this rapid review which involve the use of ABs/AMs in humans are summarized in Table 1; they are listed in the order they appear in the text
There have been a number of recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining knowledge, attitude, or behavior towards antibiotic (AB) usage and/or AMR in the general population
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating risk to global health in both animals and humans, and progress to tackle its potential threat to life appears to be slow. The mechanisms which lead to AMR are biological, the motivations behind current levels and methods of antimicrobial (AM) usage in both humans and food animals are determined by a wide range of factors including individual, psychological, social, cultural, political and economic forces. Many of these factors are likely to differ across human AB use and AB use in animal populations
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