Antimicrobial, phytotoxic, nematicidal, cytotoxic, and mutagenic activities of 1-hydroxypyrene, the initial metabolite in pyrene metabolism by the basidiomycete Crinipellis stipitaria

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the testing fungi for degradation or detoxification of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elucidation of the pathways involved. Investigations on microbial metabolism of pyrene are limited to some bacteria and the fungi Cunninghamella elegans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Crinipellis stipitaria and Aspergillus niger. The fungal transformation products of pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1,6-dihydroxypyrene, 1,8-dihydroxypyrene, 1,6-pyrenequinone, 1,8-pyrenequinone and some glucoside conjugates of hydroxylated pyrenes were identified. Until now, only mutagenic activities of some of these metabolites towards Salmonella typhimurium have been reported. Nothing is known about additional biological activities of these compounds, especially their effects on soil organisms are of ecological importance. During bioremediation processes these compounds could accumulate. In the present study we describe the antimicrobial, nematicidal, phytotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic activities of 1-hydroxypyrene, the initial transformation product of pyrene metabolization by C. stipitaria and compares this, with the activities of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. 15 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.