Abstract
Annona species have been a valuable source of anti-infective and anticancer agents. However, only limited evaluations of their alkaloids have been carried out. This review collates and evaluates the biological data from extracts and purified isolates for their anti-infective and anti-cancer activities. An isoquinoline backbone is a major structural alkaloid moiety of the Annona genus, and more than 83 alkaloids have been isolated from this genus alone. Crude extracts of Annona genus are reported with moderate activities against Plasmodium falciparum showing larvicidal activities. However, no pure compounds from the Annona genus were tested against the parasite. The methanol extract of Annona muricata showed apparent antimicrobial activities. The isolated alkaloids from this genus including liriodenine, anonaine, asimilobine showed sensitivity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Other alkaloids such as (+)-Xylopine and isocoreximine indicated significant anti-cancer activity against A549 and K-562 cell lines, respectively. This review revealed that the alkaloids from Annona genus are rich in structural diversity and pharmacological activities. Further exploration of this genus and their alkaloids has potential for developing novel anti-infective and anticancer drugs.
Highlights
Annona is one of the 129 genera of the Annonaceae family and contains 119 species with eight species grown for commercial uses [1,2]
This review evaluates the ethnopharmacological uses, alkaloid constituents, and the anti-infective properties of constituents contained within the genus Annona
This review presents the ethnomedicinal, alkaloidal and biological, properties of Annona species with respect to reported anti-infective and anti-cancer activities
Summary
Annona is one of the 129 genera of the Annonaceae family and contains 119 species with eight species grown for commercial uses [1,2]. Annona species have been used as medicines by indigenous people for a wide range of disorders including parasitic infections, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer [3]. Acetogenins (ACGs) are the major constituents of the Annona genre and examples were found to possess a variety of pharmacological properties including as antitumor, immunosuppressive, pesticidal, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anthelmintic, and antiviral agents, with some being commercially developed for the treatment of oral herpes and treating infestations of head lice, fleas, and ticks [5,6]. This review evaluates the ethnopharmacological uses, alkaloid constituents, and the anti-infective properties of constituents contained within the genus Annona
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