Abstract
The anti-hypochlorite activity of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), goji (Lycium barbarum L.) and schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) fruit extracts were assessed by determining the reactive chlorine species (RCS)-scavenging ability of these three “super-food” berries. In addition, the aqueous extracts obtained were employed as both the media and the catalyst in a green chemistry approach to the synthesis of a coumarin-based fluorescence turn-off sensor, which was then used for anti-hypochlorite activity testing. The aqueous extracts were also assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant activity using the ABTS+• assay. Moreover, the main water-soluble polyphenolic constituents of the extracts were identified by the HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS technique. Among the extracts tested, açaí demonstrated the highest anti-hypochlorite and antioxidant activities, while the highest TPC value was found for the goji extract. All extracts demonstrated modest catalytic activity as Knoevenagel condensation catalysts.
Highlights
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is synthetized in vivo as a result of an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by myeloperoxidase within activated neutrophils [1]
The proposed mode of action involved an electrophilic substitution occurring at the C4 position of 7-diethylamino-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-DCCA) with the formation of 4-chloro-7-diethylaminocoumarin [13], our work identified the formation of 8-chloro-substituted 7-DCCA as the main product
The total phenolic content (TPC) of the berries tested here has been previously assessed by other groups and has a very broad spectrum of values [27,28,29,36,37]
Summary
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is synthetized in vivo as a result of an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by myeloperoxidase within activated neutrophils [1]. HOCl plays a critical role in the microbial killing and acts in a nonspecific, first-stage human immune response [2], and is important for the protection against a wide range of pathogens. Its nonspecific response means that it acts as a mediator of tissue damage and results in inflammation, causing damage to cellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins, cellular organelles, or tissues, surrounding places of its origin in vivo [2]. Other reports suggest that polyphenol-rich natural products can assist in the elimination of HOCl in vitro [5,10,11,12]
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