Abstract
The military history and the imperial image of Rome offered an essential framework for conceiving the strategic role of the army in the early modern Portuguese and Spanish monarchies. “Disciplina” (discipline) was a key element of the military thought of the epoch. The term referred not only to the growing professionalization and standardization of military practices (such as drill itself), but also to the development of a specific field of knowledge regarding war. This article analyses the works of several Portuguese and Spanish military authors of the period and the importance of Rome in their reflections and proposals. The article's objective is twofold: to identify and analyse a particular kind of Roman discourse and to contextualize the literary genre of martial arts as a cultural phenomenon whose significance goes considerably beyond the limits of military history.
Highlights
The military history and the imperial image of Rome offered an essential framework for conceiving the strategic role of the army in the early modern Portuguese and Spanish monarchies
Junto a la discusión de cuestiones técnicas y prácticas de alcance más reducido, las artes militares constituyen, en suma, una expresión fundamental del papel que la guerra tuvo como expresión cultural y política de la edad moderna
Summary
The military history and the imperial image of Rome offered an essential framework for conceiving the strategic role of the army in the early modern Portuguese and Spanish monarchies. Anglo ha mostrado a este respecto la doble circulación del Arte della guerra de Maquiavelo (1521) y las fuentes clásicas en que se inspiraba14, y el De re militari de Diego Gracián (1566) es un ejemplo de obra híbrida compuesta de traducciones de Onosandro, de extractos comentados de las obras de César y una versión castellana de Guillaume Du Bellay, que por su parte contenía numerosas referencias y comparaciones con los ejércitos griegos y romanos15.
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