Abstract
Microorganisms causing anthracnose diseases have a medium to a high level of resistance to the existing fungicides. This study aimed to investigate neem plant extract (propyl disulfide, PD) as an alternative to the current fungicides against mango’s anthracnose. Microorganisms were isolated from decayed mango and identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Next, a pathogenicity test was conducted and after fulfilling Koch’s postulates, fungi were reisolated from these symptomatic fruits and we thus obtained pure cultures. Then, different concentrations of PD were used against these fungi in vapor and agar diffusion assays. Ethanol and distilled water were served as control treatments. PD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) inhibited more of the mycelial growth of these fungi than both controls. The antifungal activity of PD increased with increasing concentrations. The vapor diffusion assay was more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of these fungi than the agar diffusion assay. A good fit (R2, 0.950) of the experimental data in the Gompertz growth model and a significant difference in the model parameters, i.e., lag phase (λ), stationary phase (A) and mycelial growth rate, further showed the antifungal efficacy of PD. Therefore, PD could be the best antimicrobial compound against a wide range of microorganisms.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
The symptoms of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. were dark brown and black lesions (Figure 2)
The mycelium of C. gloeosporioides was whitish to orange, becoming deep orange or dark gray with time, having a regular or an irregular margin with both submerged and aerial topography
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important tropical fruit due to its favorable flavor, rich nutrition and high marketing value. This fruit is highly susceptible to various pathogens, leading to quality deterioration and significant economic losses. A variety of Colletotrichum spp. are responsible for causing anthracnose in various fruits, with a causal agent of anthracnose in mango being Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pathogens infect immature mango fruit as a latent infection, and the lesions progressively appear after storage and ripening [1,2]
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