ANTICIPATORY TRAINING OF BORDER GUARD OFFICERS: A FORMATION OF COMBAT SUPPORT COMPETENCIES UNDER MARTIAL LAW MODEL

The article presents a methodology for training future officers to provide logistics support in the military units, as evidenced by a comprehensive study conducted from 2019 to 2022 at the Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The findings of the research indicate that the effective training of future officers to execute logistics activities within the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (SBGSU) is possible upon the integration of the proposed methodology and pedagogical conditions into the educational framework of the higher military educational institution. A structured experiment, consisting of confirmatory and forming stages, was designed with control and experimental groups in order to assess the efficacy of the developed training methodology. During the confirmatory phase, the current state of professional readiness among future officers to conduct logistics activities was evaluated, revealing significant deficiencies. Throughout the experiment, a comprehensive diagnostic assessment was conducted utilizing specific methodological approaches. Additionally, a specialized training course titled “Organization and Implementation of Logistics Activities in SBGSU Units” was developed. As a result, the experimental group showed a 22.03% increase in the number of cadets achieving a sufficient professional readiness level. These results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, highlighting its potential to enhance the logistics capabilities of the SBGSU personnel and ensure that future officers are adequately prepared to meet the challenges of combat operations. Furthermore, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on current military education problems and highlights the necessity to align with NATO and European Union standards.

The modern world is characterized by high volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (BANI – Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear, Incomprehensible). In a BANI environment, traditional approaches to creating innovative projects and products often prove ineffective. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to become a key success factor in the BANI world, but its application requires a systematic approach that takes into account the specifics of this environment. The relevance of this topic is driven by the fact that the BANI environment is becoming increasingly widespread, and companies that fail to adapt risk losing their competitiveness. The application of AI can help companies make more informed decisions, predict changes, and respond to them quickly. The aim of this study is to develop and justify a systematic approach to creating innovative projects and products based on the application of artificial intelligence in a BANI environment. The research employs methods of system analysis, modeling, and expert evaluation. The article proposes a systematic approach to creating innovative projects and products based on AI applications in the BANI environment, which includes the following stages – analysis of the BANI context, formulation of adaptive goals, selection of flexible AI technologies, development and testing of a prototype. The proposed systematic approach to creating innovative projects and products based on AI applications in the BANI environment enables companies to operate successfully under conditions of high volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Conceptual and mathematical models of the systematic approach to developing innovative AI-based products and projects in the BANI environment have been constructed. The research results can be utilized by enterprises and organizations planning to develop and implement AI-based projects in the BANI environment.

: Combined Arms training is at the core of an officer's education. The Combined Arms Sufficiency Study was initiated to determine in a systematic fashion which subjects should be identified as combined arms subjects and what constitutes a sufficient level of proficiency in these combined arms subjects for lieutenants and captains in the U.S. Army. For the purposes of this study combined arms sufficiency was defined as the knowledge required by the combat, combat support, and combat service support officer that enables him to work effectively with his fellow officers on the modern battlefield. The study was conducted between May and August 1981 at the direction of the Commander, Combined Arms Center. Participants are listed-at Annex A. Methodology is described at Annex F. The study was designed to systematically assess the status of combined arms training at TRADOC schools by obtaining the collective judgment of the branch school commandants on what subjects should be on a combined arms subject list and what constitutes a sufficient level of instruction for each subject. This approach did not allow the use of rigorous statistical techniques for data analysis; nevertheless, the use of a few simple statistical methods and close inspection of the results allowed us to make several useful, if somewhat subjective, observations about the current state of combined arms training. The data collected are consolidated at Annex B, with the exception of those concerning pre-commissioning. The responses on pre-commissioning are discussed in Annex H.

The article raises the question of the formation of leadership competence of future officers of the NGU in the modern conditions of a complex security environment, the armed aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, the Euro-Atlantic choice of Ukraine and the modernization of the security and defense sector on the basis of operational interoperability in accordance with NATO standards and procedures. The need to train highly educated, competent, motivated professionals of the security sector, to which NGU belongs, is emphasized, whose success is determined by professionalism, adaptability, mobility and leadership qualities. Leadership as a multifaceted socio-historical phenomenon is considered on the basis of theories of leadership, which provides an understanding of the essence of influence on subordinates and commanders; peculiarities of preparation and training. The development of military leadership is related to its very purpose and the challenges of the modern security situation. The significance of the competence approach in the development of the leadership competence of the future officer of the NGU, which is reflected in the new paradigm of military education, is indicated. The figure of a modern military leader at NGU has been updated taking into account a certain model according to the requirements of NGU, in particular, what a leader should be, what he should know and do (perform), his features that ensure the realization of professional competencies. The concept of leadership competence has been updated and the directions of its formation have been clarified. It is noted that for the formation of the leadership competence of the future officer of the NGU, both existing models of leadership, the experience of Ukrainian higher military educational institutions, and successful practices in the development of military leadership in developed countries are important. In this regard, educational programs on leadership, approaches to the formation of leadership competence at the Kyiv Institute of the National Guard of Ukraine and the National Academy of the US Armed Forces were analyzed.

ERP correlates of true and false recognition after different retention delays: stimulus- and response-related processes.

This study investigated the effect of strength training, endurance training, and combined strength plus endurance training on fibre-type transitions, fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and MHC isoform content of the vastus lateralis muscle. Forty volunteers (24 males and 16 females) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (C), endurance training (E), strength training (S), or concurrent strength and endurance training (SE). The S and E groups each trained three times a week for 12 weeks; the SE group performed the same S and E training on alternate days. The development of knee extensor muscle strength was S>SE>E ( P<0.05) and has been reported elsewhere. The reduction in knee extensor strength development in SE as compared to S corresponded to a 6% increase in MHCIIa content ( P<0.05) in SE at the expense of the faster MHCIId(x) isoform ( P<0.05), as determined by electrophoretic analyses; reductions in MHCIId/x content after S or E training were attenuated by comparison. Both S and SE induced three- to fourfold reductions ( P<0.05) in the proportion of type IIA/IID(X) hybrid fibres. S also induced fourfold increases in the proportion of type I/IIA hybrid fibres within both genders, and in a population of fibres expressing a type I/IID(X) hybrid phenotype within the male subjects. Type I/IIA hybrid fibres were not detected after SE. Both S and SE training paradigms induced similar increases (16-19%, P<0.05) in the CSA of type IIA fibres. In contrast, the increase in CSA of type I fibres was 2.9-fold greater ( P<0.05) in S as compared to SE after 12 weeks. We conclude that the interference of knee extensor strength development in SE versus S was related to greater fast-to-slow fibre-type transitions and attenuated hypertrophy of type I fibres. Data are given as mean (SEM) unless otherwise stated.

From the Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Reprints: Theodore N. Pappas, MD, Department of Surgery, Duke Hospital South, Rm 1290, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3479, Durham, NC 27710. E-mail: [email protected].

Two experiments are reported that investigate to what extent performance consequences of automated aids are dependent on the distribution of functions between human and automation and on the experience an operator has with an aid. In the first experiment, performance consequences of three automated aids for the support of a supervisory control task were compared. Aids differed in degree of automation (DOA). Compared with a manual control condition, primary and secondary task performance improved and subjective workload decreased with automation support, with effects dependent on DOA. Performance costs include return-to-manual performance issues that emerged for the most highly automated aid and effects of complacency and automation bias, respectively, which emerged independent of DOA. The second experiment specifically addresses how automation bias develops over time and how this development is affected by prior experience with the system. Results show that automation failures entail stronger effects than positive experience (reliably working aid). Furthermore, results suggest that commission errors in interaction with automated aids can depend on three sorts of automation bias effects: (a) withdrawal of attention in terms of incomplete cross-checking of information, (b) active discounting of contradictory system information, and (c) inattentive processing of contradictory information analog to a “looking-but-not-seeing” effect.

Ultrasonic vocalizations and individual differences in rats performing a Pavlovian conditioned approach task

The traditional surgical training model was turned upside down with the introduction of minimally invasive surgery. The possibilities for video-based training have been realized, and applications have begun to emerge. Paired with these applications is an understanding of a new paradigm for surgical training and education.

Using the matching bias example, the aim of the present studies was to show that adults' reasoning biases are due to faulty executive inhibition programming. In the first study, the subjects were trained on Wason's classical card selection task; half were given training in how to inhibit the perceptual matching bias (experimental group) and half in logic without the inhibition component (control group). On the pre- and post-tests, their performance was assessed on the Evans conditional rule falsification task (with a negation in the antecedent of the rule), a task that also involves matching bias. In addition, subjects were tested for perceptual field dependence/independence using the Embedded Figures Test. The results brought out a specific inhibition training effect, as well as a clear-cut relationship in the experimental group between receptiveness to training and perceptual field independence. In the second study, the training paradigm was the same except that on the pre- and post-tests, the negation was in the consequent of the conditional rule (in this case, the perceptual matching response corresponds to the logical response). The subjects succeeded on the pre-test, and the matching-bias inhibition training had a negative effect on post-test performance. This specific negative priming effect confirms the inhibitory impact of our experimental training and outlines the dissociation of inhibition and logical components.

IntroductionThe efficiency and safety of complex high precision human-machine systems such as in aerospace and robotic surgery are closely related to the cognitive readiness, ability to manage workload, and situational awareness of their operators. Accurate assessment of mental workload could help in preventing operator error and allow for pertinent intervention by predicting performance declines that can arise from either work overload or under stimulation. Neuroergonomic approaches based on measures of human body and brain activity collectively can provide sensitive and reliable assessment of human mental workload in complex training and work environments.MethodsIn this study, we developed a new six-cognitive-domain task protocol, coupling it with six biomedical monitoring modalities to concurrently capture performance and cognitive workload correlates across a longitudinal multi-day investigation. Utilizing two distinct modalities for each aspect of cardiac activity (ECG and PPG), ocular activity (EOG and eye-tracking), and brain activity (EEG and fNIRS), 23 participants engaged in four sessions over 4 weeks, performing tasks associated with working memory, vigilance, risk assessment, shifting attention, situation awareness, and inhibitory control.ResultsThe results revealed varying levels of sensitivity to workload within each modality. While certain measures exhibited consistency across tasks, neuroimaging modalities, in particular, unveiled meaningful differences between task conditions and cognitive domains.DiscussionThis is the first comprehensive comparison of these six brain-body measures across multiple days and cognitive domains. The findings underscore the potential of wearable brain and body sensing methods for evaluating mental workload. Such comprehensive neuroergonomic assessment can inform development of next generation neuroadaptive interfaces and training approaches for more efficient human-machine interaction and operator skill acquisition.

The study explored the effects of two combined training (Strength-Proprioceptive versus Cognitive-Balance) programs on postural balance during single-task and dual-task conditions in children with intellectual disability. The postural balance and the second cognitive-task performances were evaluated before and after 8-week of training in two groups: Strength-Proprioceptive Group (n = 12) and Cognitive-Balance Group (n = 10). Results showed that, in both groups and regardless of the training effect, the postural balance performance was significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the dual-task condition compared to the single-task one. After-training session, postural balance performance was improved significantly (p < 0.001) for all task conditions. After training session, the second cognitive-task performance was improved in the Strength-Proprioceptive Group (p < 0.001) and Cognitive-Balance Groupe (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the combined training programs, Strength-Proprioceptive and Cognitive-Balance, improved postural balance performance in single-task and dual-task conditions in children with intellectual disability.

The article is devoted to the problem of professional training of border guard officers of the operational level of military education. The purpose of the article is to carry out a selective-aspect analysis of scientific literature on the presented problem of determining pedagogical conditions for the development of professional competence of border guards. The author proved the relevance of the problem proposed in the article: the content of professional training of officers of the State Border Service of Ukraine should take into account the best world experience of professional training of representatives of the security and defense sector, changes in the modern world community and, at the same time, the European integration vector. One of the ways to ensure high-quality professional training of future border officers of the operational level of military education is to increase the level of their professional competence. The following pedagogical conditions are proposed: taking into account the requirements of the competence approach and the peculiarities of the professional activity of border guards in the professional training of operational level officers; the use of modeling methods in the educational process in order to perform leadership functions in the professional activities of border guards; systematic introduction of modern pedagogical technologies into the process of border guard officers, which make it possible to study the components of operative and official activity; improvement of the methodology of conducting organizational forms and ways of implementing professional activities according to NATO standards. The content of each pedagogical condition is revealed. The results of the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment regarding the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the development of the professional competence of border guard officers of the operational level of military education are presented. The conclusions of the conducted research and the prospects of further scientific research are formulated (clarification of the content of methodological recommendations to scientific and pedagogical workers regarding its development).

The article differentiates the categories of professional competence, communicative competence and foreign language communicative competence on the basis of Ukrainian and foreign sources. According to the findings, professional competence depends on the specificity of organizational goals and professional functions. Communicative competence is described as the ability to engage into communication with the individual as well as within a group while choosing various tools of communication and ensuring transferring and understanding of the information. Foreign language communicative competence of future military officers is described as important instrument to carry out their professional duties by means of foreign language. The process of formation of foreign language communicative research at the higher military educational establishments has its own characteristics. First of all, the content of foreign language professional training should be related to professional activities and outline the functionality and social role of military officers. Also, effective syllabus and curricula should be objectively approximated to cadets’ and/or officers’ needs. The assessment of English language proficiency of the military officers is carried out in accordance with the NATO Standardization Agreement. The article analyses Language proficiency levels and didactic activities of those who study. They include receptive (reading and listening) and productive (speaking and writing) activities. The teacher’s professionalism plays the significant role in the learning process but the analysis of foreign experience provides the description of special methodology oriented towards improvement of four language skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing) at the higher military educational establishment. Additionally, the article outlines the guidelines to improve foreign language training designed according to the STANAG 6001 and to reach level 2 by future military officers in Ukrainian military educational establishments.