Anticancer effects of cell-free culture supernatant of Escherichia coli in bladder cancer cell line: New insight into the regulation of inflammation

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy in worldwide, with substantial mortality and morbidity if not treated effectively. According to various research, inflammatory circumstances majorly impact the microenvironment of bladder cancer, and the chronic presence of cytokines and chemokines promotes tumor progression. In this investigation, we explored the impact of cell-free culture supernatant ofEscherichia colistrain 536 on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bladder cancer model microarray data (GSE162251). Then we examined in silico outcomes on human bladder cancer cell line 5637 to verify and extrapolate findings. This investigation revealed for the first time that this compound has potent suppressor effects on interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) gene expression as well as increased NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), as an anti-oxidant agent, gene expression in 4, 8, and 24 h. Moreover, we confirmed that c-MYC, a member of the MYC proto-oncogene family, gene expression reduced in 5637 cells in 4 h and then followed up its expression in 8 and 24 h. In addition, our investigation demonstrated that the supernatant raised the BCL2-Associated X Protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 (BAX/BCL2) ratio, and subsequent flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the supernatant induction apoptosis and necrosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that this compound is a potential candidate for the suppression of bladder cancer progression.