Abstract
Wounds occur when the integrity of any tissues is compromised. Infection causes significant increase in costs, morbidity, and potential mortality. This study was conducted during the period from July, 2015 to January, 2016 with the aims of identifying the etiological agents causing skin wound infections, and their antibiotic susceptibility profile among patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital (IFCH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. Specimens were processed by conventional culture technique and antibiogram of isolates were done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method. Out of 219 skin pus samples, 132 (60.3%) were reported to be bacterial culture positive. Eight different bacterial species were identified as; S. aureus 75 (56.8%), Coagulase negative S. aureus (CONS) 20 (15.2%), Escherichia coli 13 (9.8%), Citrobacter spp. 7 (5.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5 (3.7%), Klebsiella spp. 5 (3.7%), Proteus spp. 5 (3.7%) and Enterobacter spp. 2 (1.5%), all were isolated from culture positive specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) of all Gram-negative isolates showed that Colistin and Imepenum were the most effective antibacterial drugs. Out of total 75 S. aureus isolates, all were reported to be susceptible to Vancomycin, whereas, 23 (30.7%) were resistant to methicillin. This study reported that S. aureus strains were the predominant isolates. Prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus is increasing. Current results demonstrated that antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is increasing in alarming trends that lead to failure of treatment.
Highlights
Healthy skin is the first line of defence and barrier against microbial invasion (Landis, 2008)
Baquero, (1997) reported that virulence factors, quantity and antibiotic resistance of bacteria may lead to contamination that result in wound infection
Out of 219 skin pus samples, 132 (60.3%) were bacterial culture positive, while the rest of samples 87 (39.7%) showed no growth of bacteria on each of Nutrient agar (NA), MacConkey agar (MA) and Blood agar (BA) isolation media (Fig. 1). These samples were collected from all hospital departments, 63.1% of the causative bacteria were isolated from In-patient department (IPD), and 56.2% were from Out-patient department (OPD)
Summary
Healthy skin is the first line of defence and barrier against microbial invasion (Landis, 2008). Wound is a type of injury in which the skin is turned, cut or punctured (open wound) or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (closed wound) (Bhatta and Lakhey, 2007). 2018 as a result of a fall, a surgical procedure, an infectious disease or an underlying pathological condition. Certain parasites such as Hookworm larvae and bacteria e.g. Treponema pallidum, can penetrate the intact skin. Baquero, (1997) reported that virulence factors, quantity and antibiotic resistance of bacteria may lead to contamination that result in wound infection
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