Abstract
The study investigated the anti-listeria activity of Bacillus subtilis (BsaM), Bacillus licheniformis (BlbM) and Bacillus megaterium (BmcM) against seven Listeria species. Metabolites from Bacillus spp. were used for silver nanoparticles (BsaSNPs, BlbSNPs, and BmcSNPs) biosynthesis. The Silver Nanoparticles (SNPs) characterization was done using visual observation, UV-Visible Spectrophotometric, FTIR, SEM, and EDXRF. The anti-listeria synergistic potential of the biosynthesized SNPs and functionalized SNPs against Multidrug resistance (MDR) Listeria strains was evaluated. The BsaM, BlbM, and BmcM had a varied anti- listeria effect against the Listeria spp. 71.43, 100, and 5.71 % of the Listeria spp. were susceptible to the BsaM, BlbM, and BmcM metabolites respectively. The metabolite bio-actively reduced AgNO3 for BsaSNPs, BlbSNPs, and BmcSNPs production. Surface Plasma Resonance (SPR) peaks of 600 nm, 400 and 600 nm, and 600 nm were recorded for BsaSNPs, BlbSNPs, and BmcSNPs. The shape of the SNPs were aggregated, rods, and crystalline. The functional groups present in the nanoparticles were carboxylic acid, amino acid, alcohol, esters, and aldehydes had the highest intensity. BsaSNPs, BlbSNPs, and BmcSNPs had the highest anti-listeria potential of 20.0, 16.0 and 22.0 mm against Listeria innocua LA22A and Listeria ivanovii LA6. Functionalized BsaSNPs, BlbSNPs, and BmcSNPs had the highest anti-listeria activity compared to the metabolites and commercial antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin-BsaSNPs, Erythromycin-FBlbSNPs, and Erythromycin-FBmcSNPS had the highest antagonistic activity (28, 26, and 27 mm) against Listeria ivanovii LA6 respectively. The Bacillus strains’ metabolites, the SNPs, and functionalized SNPs exhibit antimicrobial activities against Multidrug resistance Listeria species. Functionalization improved the anti-listerial ability of the antibiotics. Keywords: Bacillus species, Anti-listeria activity, SNPs, MDR Listeria species, Functionalization.
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