Antiarrhythmic effect of the calcium antagonist tiapamil (ro 11-1781) by intravenous administration in patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract

Twenty coronary patients with a median age of 76 years were treated in the coronary care unit with tiapamil, a new Ca2+ antagonist, by intravenous infusion (until December, 1979, the generic name was dimeditiapramine). The following arrhythmias were identified: atrial fibrillation with ventricular rate >95 beats/min (5 patients); supraventricular premature complexes (SVPC) (4 patients); and ventricular premature complexes (VPC), Lown grades 2–4 (15 patients). Electrocardiograms and hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored prior to, during, and after the therapy. In patients with atrial fibrillation, sinus rhythm was not restored, but tiapamil decreased the ventricular rate by 54%. In patients with VPC, the median frequency of VPC decreased from 310.5 before tiapamil to 32.5 beats/h at the fourth hour of therapy (p<0.01). The median ectopic/sinus beat ratio decreased from 0.083 (pretreatment) to 0.008 at the fourth hour of infusion (p<0.10). In one of the patients with an insufficient decrease in the number of VPC, the VPC changed from class 4a (pretreatment) to class 2 (during the therapy), returning to class 4a after the infusion was stopped. Tiapamil reduced the median systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 8.3 and 7.1%, respectively (p<0.05), the third hour. Hypotension and bradycardia were observed in 5/20 patients. The results show that tiapamil is effective against both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, and thus its spectrum of action differs from that of other calcium antagonists.