Abstract
Cochlospermum planchonii (Hook f) is a common medicinal plant used in Nigeria traditional medicine for treatment of different ailments including ulcers. The anti ulcer activity of the root bark methanol extract of Cochlospermum planchonii was evaluated using different [ethanol, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), cold/restraint stress and pyloric ligation/histamine - induced ulcers and acid production] ulcerogenic models in rats at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight using cimetidine (100 mg/kg) as a standard reference drug. The different doses of the extract and the reference drug significantly (p < 0.01) decreased all the ulcer parameters in a dose dependent manner in all the models used. The total number of ulcers were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. The ulcer index was significantly (p < 0.004) reduced by the extract. Similarly, the percentage ulcer preventive index was also increased from 0% in the negative control up to 93.2% at the dose of 1000 mg/kg, while the percentage ulcer severity was dose dependently reduced by the extract. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p < 0.02) decreased free gastric HCl and total gastric acid. In conclusion, Cochlospermum planchonii methanolic root bark extract showed significant antiulcer activity in this study which may be as a result of its cytoprotective, antioxidant or antisecretory properties.
Highlights
Ulcers can be defined as a conglomerate of heterogeneous disorders which manifest as breaks in the lining of gastrointestinal mucosa that might result in erosions and damage of the stomach wall that may become perforated (Wallace, 2008)
The result showed that Cochlospermum planchonii extract (CPE) at the doses tested just like cimetidine significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the number of ulcers and decreased the mean ulcer index (p < 0.004) in a dose dependent manner when compared to the negative control
C. planchonii extract showed significant inhibitory effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers by decreasing the ulcer parameters and increasing the percent ulcer inhibition in a dose dependent manner which was comparable to the reference drug cimetidine (Table 1)
Summary
Ulcers can be defined as a conglomerate of heterogeneous disorders which manifest as breaks in the lining of gastrointestinal mucosa that might result in erosions and damage of the stomach wall that may become perforated (Wallace, 2008). They develop when the normal gastric equilibrium between aggressive (acid and pepsin production and Helicobacter pylori) and protective mechanism (mucus and bicarbonate secretion, increased blood flow, cell turn over, impermeability to H+ etc) are disturbed by enhanced aggressive factors or reduced defensive factors or both (Barbastefano et al, 2007). Peptic ulcer disease affects approximately 4.5 million people annually and prevalence has shifted from predominance in males to similar occurrence for both sexes, while age trends for ulcer reveal decline in younger men and increasing rates in older women (Tri and George, 2007)
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