Abstract
Phonological opacity has long been of interest in current phonology especially after theories of constraint interaction prevailed. Facing the issue, Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains abandons parallelism and introduces derivation and the set of Precedence constraints to specify orders of faithfulness violations in a derivation. Although this new version of Optimality Theory has successfully accounted for most controversial cases, it turns out to have some fatal drawbacks to Precedence and needs to be revised. This paper first reviews earlier Optimality approaches such as constraint conjunction and Comparative Markedness to chain shifts to see how they deal with chain shifts, a famous type of counterfeeding process. Then it applies OT-CC with Precedence to chain shifts. Finally, this paper proposes a novel set of anti-Precedence constraints by which the second member of Precedence should not be violated if the chain includes violation of the first member.
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