Abstract
The effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) on chronic inflammation associated with metabolic disorders have remained unknown. We examined the effects of HK L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue pathophysiology in DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats as a model of metabolic syndrome. DS/obese rats were treated orally with HK L-137 (2 or 75 mg kg−1 day−1) from 9 to 13 weeks of age. HK L-137 attenuated left ventricular (LV) inflammation and fibrosis as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and up-regulation of sterol regulatory element–binding protein–1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, without affecting body weight gain or hypertension. The low dose of HK L-137 also ameliorated LV diastolic dysfunction, the increase in subcutaneous fat mass, and insulin resistance as well as attenuated the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the elevation of the circulating interleukin-6 concentration. Furthermore, the proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells among CD4+ T cells in the spleen was increased by HK L-137. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of HK L-137 on the heart and adipose tissue are related, at least partly, to suppression of systemic inflammation associated with an increase in splenic Treg cell.
Highlights
The role of the gut microbiome in human health and pathological conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has recently attracted much attention[1,2]
All of these parameters were significantly higher in the MetS group than in the CONT group, and these differences were not affected by HK L-137
At 13 weeks of age, the ratios of heart or left ventricular (LV) weight to tibial length—indicators of cardiac and LV hypertrophy, respectively—were significantly increased in the MetS group compared with the CONT group, and these increases were not affected by HK L-137 (Table 1)
Summary
The role of the gut microbiome in human health and pathological conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has recently attracted much attention[1,2]. Microorganisms that promote health by influencing immune mechanisms in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which is a major site of host encounter with exogenous antigens and pathogens[9], have been termed “immunobiotics”[10]. These latter organisms can affect the composition of the gut microbiota and thereby reduce the production of proinflammatory factors by bacteria and improve barrier integrity. We have established the DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rat, derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats, as an animal model of MetS These animals develop salt-sensitive hypertension as well as left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis[20], and these conditions are accompanied by increased cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation[21]. We have examined the effects of HK L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology associated with MetS in DS/obese rats
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