Abstract
Gold (Au) can be deposited as nanoparticles (NPs) smaller than 10 nm in diameter on a variety of metal oxide (MOx) NPs. Au/MOx have high catalytic performance and selective oxidation capacity which could have implications in terms of biological activity, and more specifically in modulation of the inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of Au/TiO2, Au/ZrO2 and Au/CeO2 on viability, phagocytic capacity and inflammatory profile (TNF-α and IL-1β secretion) of murine macrophages. The most important result of this study is an anti-inflammatory effect of Au/MOx depending on the MOx nature with particle internalization and no alteration of cell viability and phagocytosis. The effect was dependent on the MOx NPs chemical nature (Au/TiO2 > Au/ZrO2 > Au/CeO2 if we consider the number of cytokines whose concentration was reduced by the NPs), and on the inflammatory mediator considered. The effect of Au/TiO2 NPs was not related to Au NPs size (at least in the case of Au/TiO2 NPs in the range of 3–8 nm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an anti-inflammatory effect of Au/MOx.
Highlights
Gold (Au) can be deposited as nanoparticles (NPs) smaller than 10 nm in diameter on a variety of metal oxide (MOx) NPs
In addition to cytotoxicity evaluation, we examined whether Au/TiO2 NPs modified the phagocytic capacity of macrophages as compared to T iO2 NPs
Taking into account the results presented in the previous paragraph, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β cell culture supernatant concentrations were measured as a surrogate of the inflammatory reaction
Summary
Gold (Au) can be deposited as nanoparticles (NPs) smaller than 10 nm in diameter on a variety of metal oxide (MOx) NPs. The selective oxidation of glucose by Au supported on activated carbon or metal oxides has been a very active research area, as the transformation of readily available glucose to valuable gluconic acid is of great importance[5,6] These data in the field of heterogeneous catalysis have firmly established that deposition of Au on MOx NPs increases dramatically the intrinsic catalytic activity and this could be the case for the biological activity. Since the inflammatory reaction is highly dependent on oxidative stress[8] one can hypothesize that, in addition to their antioxidant properties, Au/MOx can have anti-inflammatory effects Such an effect could have important implications in terms of medical utilization of Au/MOx. to the best of our knowledge no data on this effect is available in the current literature. We used murine macrophages and investigated the roles of the size of Au NPs, the chemical nature of the supporting MOx NPs, and the kinetics of Au/ MOx interference with the inflammatory reaction
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