Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chlorogenic Acid and Call for Further Research

Abstract

In recent years, phenolic acids have garnered considerable interest on account of their diverse biological, practical, and pharmacological effects. Chlorogenic Acid (CGA), presently referred to as 3-CQA, is the most prevalent isomer among caffeoylquinic acid isomers (3-, 4-, and 5-CQA). Among the naturally occurring phenolic acid compounds found in green coffee extracts and tea, it is one of the most readily accessible acids. Recent studies have demonstrated that chlorogenic acid exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via various mechanisms, including the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, demonstration of antioxidant activity, modulation of signaling pathways, and regulation of the immune system. Each of these mechanisms is essential for immune system regulation. Chlorogenic acid mitigates tissue injury and impedes the inflammatory response through mechanisms, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory chemical synthesis and activity, scavenging of free radicals, and modulation of immune cell functionality. Throughout this review article, we have methodically examined the advantageous contributions of CGA in relation to its origin, assimilation, metabolism, molecular mechanisms, mechanistic effects, and impact on various forms of inflammation.